Vol 10 Issue 3 July 2022-September 2022

Abstract: In late 2019, the first COVID-19 case was announced. Subsequently, numerous other instances were found all around the world. On March 2, 2020, the first case was reported in Saudi Arabia. The Saudi government has taken several precautions to stop the spread of this pandemic sickness. Closing public and private schools and universities and moving educational activity to online platforms were two of these approaches. whether they are the 21 public pharmacy schools in Saudi Arabia or the. These abrupt transitions had an impact on 8 people, and depending on their level of preparedness, they responded differently. Here, we discuss the elements of the pharmacy school curriculum, including classroom instruction, laboratory work, and experiential learning, based on our experience at King Saud University.

Keywords: Pharmacy education COVID-19 Assessment Lesson learned.

Title: The impact of COVID-19 on pharmacy education in Saudi Arabia

Author: Yasir Awad Ahmed, Bander kammash alshammari, Faisal Abdulrahman Al Amri, Turki Shafaq Alotaibi, Mazen Alawi Nubayri, Jamelah Ali Alshehri, Noha Ali M Alshehri

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 89-93

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Published Date: 26-September-2022

Abstract: Since COVID-19 has emerged in 2019, students were one of groups that were hardly affected. There were many clusters of infection in schools. To evaluate level of knowledge and behaviour regarding hygiene and to study factors influencing hygiene behaviour. This study is predictive correlational research that studies factors affecting hygiene practice which study a total of 215 high school students, grade 10-12.  76.7% of participants were females. Majority of participants are studying in grade 12 (n=85, 39.5%) and most participants are studying in the Math-Science program (n=165, 76.7%). Majority of participants’ parents work as a freelancer (m=69, 32.1%). The biggest monthly household income group was 20,000-40,000 BAHT (n=72, 33.5%). Most participants reported that they received news and knowledge regarding hygiene and infectious prevention from social media and Youtube (n=142, 66.0%). 82.8% (n=178) of participants indicated that they didn’t have any congenital disease.  Most participants showed a moderate level of Hygiene and Infectious Prevention Knowledge (M=10.65) while hygiene practice was at a good level (M=71.12, SD=8.95). There were no predictive factors for hygiene practice among participants. Participants showed a moderate level of hygiene knowledge while hygiene practice was at a good level.

Keywords: hygiene knowledge, hygiene practice, infectious disease.

Title: Hygiene Knowledge and Behaviours among High School students

Author: Krittiya Bannob, Supitchaya Hemrungrojn, Ragtagan Moonsongkiat, Passakorn Puengyen, Tararat Thongpanchang, Phathomrat Faktang, Preyaphon Saelee, Chalida Sompolwattana

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 82-88

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Published Date: 12-September-2022

Abstract: Background: Oral diseases such as dental caries are common health problems in people worldwide. It is shown that about 90% of school children worldwide and most adults have experienced caries, with the disease being most prevalent in Asian and Latin American countries. However, Oral diseases are preventable. Therefore, the need for community-oriented preventive programs is emphasized to overcome the high prevalence of oral diseases.

Objective: This study aims to understand and recognize the factors that affect people's behaviour and assess the knowledge, behaviour and practices of people who live in Bangkok to help improve their oral health practices.

Study Methods: Cross-Sectional Study was used to gather information by using questionnaires through an online platform, Google Form. All people living in Bangkok were eligible and were invited to participate in the study. There were 884 people participated in this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. We use inferential statistics, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and a generalized linear model to analyze correlation relationships and predictive factors of variables in this study.

Result: A total of 884 participants, the majority of the participants were aged 51-60 (n=247, 27.9%), most of them were female (n=595, 67.3%), and most of them were Teachers / Professors / Managers / Company employee / Vassal / State enterprise (n=423, 47.9%) and the majority of the participants achieved Bachelor's degree as the highest educational attainment (n=438, 49.5%). Participants showed a moderate level of oral health-related knowledge (M=6.94, SD=1.26). In comparison, reporting a good level of attitude toward oral health (M=21.77, SD=2.80) and a good level of oral health practice (M=24.10, SD=3.78). There was a positive correlation between x and y (r=0.468, p<0.01). The attitudes towards oral health (Exp (β)=0.444, 95% CI: 0.522-0.678, p<0.05), gender (Exp (β)=0.160, 95% CI: 0.818-1.758, p<0.05) and education attainment (Exp (β)=0.118, 95% CI: 0.253-1.007, p<0.05) predicted the oral health practice.

Conclusion: The participants showed a good level of attitude toward oral health and oral health practice, only in knowledge related to oral health at a moderate level. There was a correlation between attitude toward oral health and oral health practice in people living in Bangkok.

Keywords: Oral health, Oral diseases, Knowledge, behaviour and practices.

Title: Oral health knowledge, behaviour and practices among people living in Bangkok, Thailand

Author: Warut Temyord

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 76-81

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Published Date: 12-September-2022

Abstract: The covid pandemic has had a strong impact on countries and Vietnam. Economic stability is Vietnam's goal. To achieve that goal, the State Bank is in charge of planning and implementing monetary policy. In this material, the author points out the impact of the covid epidemic on the economy and the central bank's monetary policy in the context that the covid epidemic has been taking place very strongly.

Keywords: monetary policy, central bank, covid-19 epidemic.

Title: MATERIAL MONETARY POLICIES OF THE CENTRAL BANK IN THE CIRCUMSTANCES OF COVID 19

Author: Postgraduate Than Thi Vi Linh

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 71-75

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Published Date: 12-September-2022

Abstract: Approximately 44 million people worldwide have Alzheimer's disease (AD). Numerous claims have been made regarding the influence of diet on AD development. In particular, in today’s world it is unavoidable to consume ultra-processed food as it provides people with a more convenient lifestyle. However, many previous researches have shown that ultra-processed food intake affects health outcomes, for example, metabolic diseases, cardiovascular problems, and also effects to cognitive function. Numerous studies on the effect of diet on Alzheimer’s point to nutrition as a heavily influential factor in the development of dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). This study systematically reviews these articles using the PubMed for articles published in English between 2017 and the end of July 2022 to understand the association between ultra-processed foods intakes and Alzheimer’s disease. The results from this study suggest that, it should be considered as important to gain a better understanding of Alzheimer's disease pathogeneses. The association between Ultra-processed foods and Alzheimer’s disease should be concerned. It is beneficial to discuss the evidences of recently established interventions considered to prevent or delay the prodromes of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease and provide the prospective future directions in prevention and management of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Diet is considered as important factors that help prevent or delay the development of Alzheimer’s disease and other dementia-related diseases. Preventing or postponing the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and delaying its progression would lead to an improvement of health status and quality of the older age life. This study also report the main findings that can guide further research.

Keywords:  Ultra-processed foods, Western diet, Dementia, Alzheimer’s disease, Processed foods.

Title: A Literature Review on Processed food and Alzheimer’s risk

Author: Paticha Kosonboon

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 61-70

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Published Date: 10-September-2022

Abstract:  Background: Pesticide residues were found in many samples of vegetables sold in fresh markets for consumers. Chili pepper is one of the most popular food ingredients.

Objective: Find the percentage of vegetables from the produced market and organic vegetables from the department store that were detected Organophosphate and Carbamate pesticide residue above MRL (maximum residue limit for pesticide).

Method:  In this research, the samples were tested for pesticide residues with MJPK pesticide test kit that applies colorimetric cholinesterase inhibitor assay.

Result: The detection of pesticide residues in Chili pepper, a total of 60 samples, consisted of 30 samples of Chili pepper and 30 samples of red pepper was found Carbamate residues at safe level in 6 samples representing for 20% of Chili pepper and Organophosphate were detected residues at safe level in 5 red pepper samples, representing 16.67% of the 60 samples of Chili pepper and red pepper, did not detect Organophosphate and Carbamate residues at unsafe level.

Conclusion: The results of this study examined 60 chili pepper samples and found no residuals of Organophosphate and Carbamate at Unsafe Level in Chili pepper.

Keywords: pesticide residues in vegetable, Organophosphate, Carbamate.

Title: Prevalence of Pesticide residues in Fresh Chili sold in Fresh Markets in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand

Author: Pichayakorn Buasuwan, Ratchaneevipa Pusuwan, Nuttida Runhiwa, Suphatchaya Prasertphon

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 56-60

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Published Date: 06-September-2022

Abstract:  The objective of this descriptive research is to study factors influencing Covid-19 vaccine attitudes. This research studied a group of Grade 10-12 students from Triam Udom Suksa School in Bangkok. All students of Triam Udom Suksa School were invited to participate in completing an online questionnaire, a total of 201 students participated during June – September 2021. The data collected were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that the majority of samples were female, studied in Science-Math program. The students revealed good knowledge about Covid-19 and Covid-19 vaccination (score=15.55, S.D.=1.89) and good attitude to acceptability of Covid-19 vaccines (score=40.40, S.D.=3.85).  Knowledge about Covid-19 and Covid-19 vaccines positively correlated with attitude to acceptability of Covid-19 vaccines (r=.028**, p=0.01). Worry about sickness form Covid-19 was showed higher predicted attitude to acceptability of Covid-19 vaccines than knowledge about Covid-19 and Covid-19 vaccines at β=.078 and β=.034 respectively. On the contrary, having chronic diseases was a major factor negatively attitude to acceptability of Covid-19 vaccines (β= -.090).

In total, 201 individual answers were received. Overall, 141 respondents (70.1%) reported unwillingness to receive a vaccine for Covid-19. Mainly, they did not believe in efficiency of the Covid-19 vaccines and they worried about safety in the Covid-19 vaccination. This research aims to study attitudes in Covid-19 vaccination of high school students. A majority of participants were less than 18 years old. While during survey, there were only Covid-19 vaccines authorized for adults age 18 and over in Thailand. For this reason, this affects unwillingness of many respondents to receive a Covid-19 vaccine. Therefore, to increase Covid-19 vaccination acceptance of people in the age group, the government sector such as Food and Drug Administration should approve a Covid-19 vaccine for people who are age less than 18 years old as soon as possible and communicate the usefulness of vaccination against infectious diseases.

Keywords: Covid-19 vaccine, high school students, infectious diseases.

Title: Attitudes towards vaccination against COVID-19 among students in grades 10-12

Author: Tunsiri Withayakom

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 50-55

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Published Date: 03-September-2022

Abstract:  Background: Nowadays, food technology has improved a lot according to people’s lifestyle. To highlight my point, current society especially in metropolis , people have to be in hurry lifestyle to compete with other people, traffic congestion and a lot of problems in their lives. Therefore, some people may ignore their nutrition and consumption habits which can lead to many manufacturers create a large number of ultra-processed food to meet people’s demand. Because of this, I am very interested in ultra-processed food and food nutrition.

Objective:

1. To study tendency of ultra-processed food consumption in metropolis

2. To study the effect of ultra-processed food related to food nutrition

3. To study food nutrition of ultra-processed food

Method: Browsing and studying at least ten research paper and concluding it together to sum up every aspect of ultra-processed food

Result: Obtaining various knowledge and numerous aspects of ultra-processed food such as health risk and health complications regarding with consuming ultra-processed food, less food nutrition of ultra-processed food and rise tendency of ultra-processed food consumption in this present time.

Conclusion: Ultra-processed foods have both advantages and disadvantages. To highlight my point, benefits of consuming ultra-processed food are people’s convenience and save time from having ultra-processed foods instead of big meal. However, it still has non-beneficial aspects which are health risk and less food nutrition.

Keywords: Ultra-processed food, health risk, NOVA, food nutrition, consumption, metropolitan.

Title: A Literature Review on Processed Foods and a New Lifestyle

Author: Paphada Putchakarn

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 42-49

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Published Date: 30-August-2022

Abstract: Nowadays, chicken rice is one of the famous dishes in Thailand and is the most popular food in Thailand. Chicken Rice Shop can be normally found everywhere in the community. The researcher has a special fondness for chicken rice, therefore, chicken rice was chosen as an experimental example of this research.  Farmed chickens can sometimes contain a large amount of contaminants, so the researchers conducted a comparative experiment between the chicken rice in the store and the restaurants to see if the cleanliness of food and products differed. Henceforth, this led the researchers to many questions and concerns about the hygiene of such foodstuffs. From the above problem, the researcher saw the importance of the problem. Therefore, the objective was to survey and analyze the number of coliform bacteria in 24 chicken rice shops from 5 major districts Nong Khaem district, Taling Chan district, Bang Kruai district, Bang Rak district, and Bang Khen district.  In Bangkok, it is divided into indoor chicken rice and chicken rice outdoor restaurants.  Coliform bacteria were used to identify coliform bacteria in chicken rice.  The test results show that there were similar results between in-store chicken rice and chicken rice outdoor restaurants, and 67% of the chicken rice in the 5 major districts of Bangkok failed to meet the standards of cleanliness.  From the research it can be concluded that the type of restaurant is not a determinant of food hygiene.  It is considered an excess number of bacteria and should not be taken orally.

Keywords: Coliform bacteria, Restaurant, Street food.

Title: The Hygiene and the Quantity of Coliforms in Steamed Chicken Rice sold in Nong Khaem district, Taling Chan district, Bang Kruai district, Bang Rak district, and Bang Khen district

Author: Bhurin Julual, Eugene Patrick Ywin, Dhanakrit Adulytheerakij, Pattarachai Wangsuwan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 35-41

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Published Date: 30-August-2022

Abstract: Background: It is undeniable that COVID-19 has spread all over the world. Because of the spread of this virus, people did not know how to handle this disease efficiently, and this led to problems in the medical, economic, political, and educational fields. Especially in educational fields, school closures as part of measures to control the spread of COVID-19 pose challenges that will transform the face of Thai education.  Regarding that matter, Thai students have been learning online due to social distancing measures. Moreover, there are many opinions among students arguing whether online learning is effective or not. Therefore, this research aims to observe and study the attitudes toward learning outcomes of Thai students while having online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective:  To study attitudes toward learning outcomes among students who study online during COVID-19

Study Methods: The study is a cross-sectional, qualitative research which involves developing a survey. The survey is in the format of Google Forms, which was developed from June 1 to 30 June 2022 and was sent out to social media groups that students belong to. The survey was voluntary and 135 responses were received.

Result: Conclusion:  Although there were a minority of students who gave a high rate but not higher than 4 in many questions, in the last question regarding the learning outcomes of the students, all of the students rated the score as not more than 2. This proved that, with many factors, even if some students picked online learning, it didn’t mean that the online learning was effective.

Keywords: Covid-19, Online Learning, Students.

Title: The Factors Affecting Thai Students Learning Outcomes During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Author: Pinyada Vesuwan

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 29-34

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Published Date: 17-August-2022

Abstract: Nowadays, Nitrate is a food preservative, which is used in traditional processed meat products to extend its shelf life, and transform to preferable colour, and odour. The objective of this study is to investigate the contamination of Nitrate in food that exceeds standards in the traditional processed meat products from convenience stores and supermarkets. The study collected 6 types of the traditional processed meat product in June 2022 from a convenience store and supermarket in Bangkok, Thailand. Then, detection of Nitrate in the samples by GT-Nitrate test kit. The results showed that, there was 27.78% sample that was not met Nitrate that exceeded standard value according to the regulations on the usage of food additives, Notification of Ministry of Public Health number 389 in B.E. 2561 (2018), Re: food additives (Number 5) determine to use of Nitrate exceed than 500 mg. per kg. 2 samples of steamed pork sausage products (50%) were the highest of Nitrate contamination that were over the standards, followed by fermented pork, sour sausage, and sun-dried pork products of 1 sample (33.33%), respectively. Moreover, the Chinese sausage and sun-dried beef products were not found that there was the Nitrate contamination in products over the standard value.It has been found that there are a few of traditional processed meat products in convenience stores and supermarkets contaminated with Nitrate. This phenomenon demonstrated that some producers still use Nitrate exceeding the standards. Hence, the processed meat products workshop for entrepreneurs should be conducted by the related sectors to stimulate them to be aware and follow the regulations strictly. In addition, they should monitor the safety of processed meat products before distribution to avoid the hazard to the consumers’ health that may cause.      

Keywords: Nitrate, Nitrite, native processed meat products.

Title: A Case Study: Nitrate in Traditional Processed Meat Products from Convenient Store and Supermarket in Bangkok, Thailand

Author: Sornusa Wichaidit, Pasinee Puhoi, Punnatorn Kichakarncharoensil, Kornsuppanut Chottanapaisarn, Warintorn Prapaiwankoon, Wacharawach Singsuwan, Pongpawis Lorchatnoppakun

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 24-28

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Published Date: 15-August-2022

Abstract: Nowadays, Tofu is one of the most famous beverages among Thai people in the morning because it's easy to buy at the nearby stalls on the sidewalk. Consumers think that it is a healthy drink to replace breakfast during rush hours. Therefore, Tofu is another option for consumers in this era. From the popularity, there is some doubt about cleanliness in the product. The group has the objective of proving it, namely the detection of soybean milk by using a Coliform bacteria test to identify bacteria in tofu. The test result has shown that Tofu contaminated with Coliform detected did not pass the criteria of 5 samples, representing 14.29 % of all samples. In conclusion, from the random of the ready to drink soy milk in Bangkok, Chiang Mai, Nakhon Sawan and Nakhon Ratchasima cause by many factors, for instance; dirty container, various tools involved in production and preparation of soy milk including side dishes such as red beans, millet that may be contaminated with bacteria as well.

Keywords:  Bacteria Coliform, Ready to Drink Soy Milk, Soy Milk.

Title: Detection of Coliform in Ready to Drink Soy Milk sold on stalls in Chiangmai, Nakhonsawan and Nakhon Ratchasima

Author: Papitchaya Jaipunya, Warantorn Meemuk, Piyalara Sonroi, Autthaya Kongsinkaew, Alisa Catherina Thomas

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 19-23

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Published Date: 11-August-2022

Abstract: Background: Clinical chemistry specimen rejections cause a delay in the availability of findings, which might affect patient care.

The study's objective is to assess sample rejection.

Methods: The study measured specimen rejection rates and the contributions of different rejection reasons. The study undertook an intervention to reduce specimen rejection during 2019 intervention period. It compared rejections rates, number of months with rejection rates 1.2%, and distribution of rejection reasons between the two year-long intervals. The study also determined the origin for specimens rejected for the most common rejection reason during one month in the second period.

Results: The most common reasons for rejection in hematology and biochemistry areas were clotted blood specimen, improperly labeled specimen containers and hemolyzed blood samples.

Conclusions: Using Qualitative Methodology helped to formulate efficient plans to target this issue. reduce the rate of rejected samples. Moreover, the model shed the light on how crucial the pre-analytical phase for laboratory quality improvement process, its effect on cost reduction, and the importance of staff competency and utilization.

Keywords: Rejection, Blood samples, pre-analytic error; quality indicators; specimen insufficient; specimen rejections.

Title: Reduce Rejected Laboratory Samples and Enhance Specimen Acceptability

Author: Yasir A. Ahmed, Areej Khaled Al-Zahrani, Reem Abdallah Al-Qhamdi, Ziyad Fahad Al-Otaibi, Monerah Mater Wallbi, Ahlam Abdulrahman Al-Harbi, Eman Ahmed Sunyur, Areej Nasser AlRami, Ahmed Hattan Hattan, Abdulrhman Mohammed Twhari, Alanood Khalid Alsaffi, Buthaynah Abdalrahman  Alodhayb, Dalal Abdullah Alshaikhi, Abdeah Ebrahim Beshi

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 14-18

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Published Date: 03-August-2022

Abstract: Antibiotics are drugs to inhibit or kill growth of microorganisms in animal diseases. The farmers commonly use antibiotics in livestock for prevention of animal disease and growth promotion. Usage of antibiotics in livestock can leave antibiotic residues in meats and food-animal products. The most important adverse effect of antibiotic residues is the transfer of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the humans due to the mobile properties of resistance. Besides, it can contaminate the environment too. It has been obviously found that the problem of drug resistance arises from many factors related to humans, animals, and the environment. This review focused on antibiotic use in livestock.

Keywords: Antibiotic resistance, livestock, food, health, bacteria.

Title: A Review on Antibiotic Use in Livestock

Author: Pitchapat Thanapatcharoen

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 8-13

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Published Date: 02-August-2022

Abstract: Batch experiments are carried out for the sorption of Basic Fuchsin onto raw fruit waste. The parameters studied are agitation time, initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, pH, temperature, The adsorption followed second order kinetics. The equilibrium data are fitted to the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm equations. The adsorption of dye increased with increase in temperature from 302K to 322K indicated the process endothermic and spontaneous. Desorption studies show that adsorption of dye on fruit waste is chemisorpic.

Keywords: Fruit waste, Basic Fuchsin, Adsorption Isotherm, Kinetics.

Title: BATCH ADSORPTION TECHNIQUE FOR THE REMOVAL OF BASIC FUCHSIN USING RAW FRUIT WASTE

Author: Dr. P. PARIMALA DEVI

International Journal of Life Sciences Research

ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)

Vol. 10, Issue 3, July 2022 - September 2022

Page No: 1-7

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Published Date: 14-July-2022