Vol 4 Issue 2 April 2016-June 2016

Abstract: Female foeticide is a stark reality in India and gross violation of human rights. The present paper highlights that female foeticide is a kind of exploitation done not only against the girl child but the mother also. And the very fact is that mothers who faced this atrocity could talk about it. The study includes cases reflecting feelings of women who went through sex-determination procedures followed by abortions. It expressed their feelings related to pregnancy, and female foeticide and coping with the situation. The paper offers suggestive interventions to bring positive change into the situation. Keywords: female foeticide, sex determination, sex ratio, foetus, exploitation, right to life. Title: FEMALE FOETICIDE IN DELHI Author: Ms. Arti Mann International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Predictive Validity of Ume Scores to Students’ Academic Achievement in Federal University of Technology, Yola, POPOOLA, S. F. (Ph. D), International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research, ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online), Research Publish Journals

Abstract: English is one of the most important languages because this is the only language that connects the whole world together. It may not be the most spoken language in the world, but it is the official language in different countries. In the Philippines, students consider it as the most difficult subject that one needs to develop to become successful in their chosen career, moreover in seeking for employment. A research study on the Assessment of English Oral Communication of Freshman College Students at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology was conducted during the First Semester of Academic Year 2015-2016. It sought answers on the following questions: How may the English oral communication of the respondents be described in terms of fluency, coherence, grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation? What interventions maybe proposed on the problems in English oral communication of the students? The respondents of the study consisted of 25 freshman college students enrolled in Bachelor of Science in Education (BSE); Bachelor in Elementary Education (BEEd); Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA); Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT); and Associate in Hotel and Restaurant Management (AHRM). The descriptive method of research was utilized in the study and the performance rubrics to accurately describe the respondents’ English oral communication. A face to face interview between the author and the respondents served as sources of data in the speaking test using the following criteria: 4.20 – 5.00, Excellent; 3.40 – 4.19, Very satisfactory; 2.60 – 3.39, Good; 1.80 – 2.59, Poor and 1.00 – 1.79, Needs Improvement. Based from the assessment made, the freshman college students have Very Satisfactory performance in terms of their Pronunciation during the interview, it obtained the highest mean equivalent to 3.63 (VS). It was followed by Fluency - 2.95; Coherence, 2.80); Vocabulary, 2.76; and Grammar, 2.68. The obtained data indicate that their English oral communication are Good in terms of Fluency, Coherence, Vocabulary and Grammar. Grammar posed as the major problem that affects the English oral communication of freshman college students as indicated by the lowest mean obtained equivalent to 2.68. They claim that they experienced fear when they are engaged in oral communication thus, they find difficulty in expressing their thoughts and ideas during conversations and other daily classroom activities. Further noted that respondents from the BSIT are assessed to have Very Satisfactory (VS) performance in English oral communication as indicated by the average weighted mean (3.44)in terms of the different variables; The respondents from the BEEd, AHRM, and BSE are noted to be Good with an average weighted mean of 3.32, 2.89 and 2.85 respectively. The BSA was noted to have obtained the lowest average weighted mean equivalent to 2.59 which is verbally described as Poor. The author proposed the following interventions on the English oral communication of the students: conduct a regular assessment of students’ performance in English oral communication by utilizing a suitable diagnostic instrument; provide remedial measures that will fit with students’ needs and that can help boost their confidence; provide more challenging classroom oral activities to enhance students’ speaking skills; motivate students to actively take part in discussions to express their thoughts as well as to understand the views and experiences of others. Keywords: Oral communication, assessment, fluency, coherence, grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation, intervention. Title: Assessment of English Oral Communication of Freshman College Students at Nueva Ecija University of Science and Technology In Terms Of the Different Variables Author: CELIA H. MANGULABNAN International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This essay is devoted to the understanding of conflict resolution and peace-making according to the Ekpeye people of Ahoada East Local Government Area of Rivers State. It considers the significance attached by the people to conflict resolution in religious, moral, political and social experiences. The essay investigates, what, in the people’s opinion, constitute a conflict, who initiates it, its causes, and the relationship between conflict and violence. This study further considers the concept of conflict resolution from the Ekpeye perspective and its significance to the development of Ekpeyeland. Using an ethnographic approach, the essay reveals that the Ekpeye have a good understanding of what constitute a conflict and the basic causes of conflict in Ekpeye land are clash of personal and group interests, selfishness and disobedience. The study holds that there is a significant coloration between conflict and violence. In Ekpeyeland conflict is usually resolved by oath taking and eating of sacred meal administered by a traditional chief priest, a community leader or both. This in turn enhances socio-economic, cultural, religious and political developments in Ekpeyeland. Keywords: Pastoral Response, Ekpeye, social experiences. Title: Conflict Resolution and Peace-Making in Traditional View of Ekpeye People: A Pastoral Response Author: Dr. Patrick Eluke International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The regular statement, ‘they kept us as we are today’ is a dictum on the lips of any average conscious Nigerian in any unpleasant retrospection into the past, from the present situation of the country. This statement lays claim to the fact that some inconsiderable leaders have, in the past, disgruntled the growth of the country and as a result, caused what the country is at the present, suffering. But the accusation would be complete if electorates or better termed, the masses of the present time, are also included in the share of the blames. In so far as some leaders were and are not being credible, one may ask: what are the masses doing in their own great capacity to remedy the horrible situation? If they are the ones to vote-in any leader, haven’t they the capacity of choosing the right leader, irrespective of election manoeuverings? Are the past politicians the hoodlums on the highways or are these hoodlums the masses? Could it be true that the past politicians are also the lecturers who extort students at schools? Again, could one say that the mistakes of the early missionaries to Nigeria are responsible for many religious aberrations today? Did they teach the churches in Nigeria extortions, false prophecy and hypocrisy? This write-up does not deny the truth that our ugly situation today has a link with the mistakes of our past leaders and masses (i.e. “the parents have eaten sour grapes and children teeth are set on edge” cf. Ezekiel. 18:2b) but tries to state that it is high time we learned from the past occurrences and started being realistic enough to blame ourselves for many great evils befalling us because, we have regularly failed to improve from our past. The dictum ‘they kept us as we are today’ should be a forgone statement in our midst but we should be ever ready to bear the responsibility of our misfortunes. (cf. Ezekiel. 18:3). This work will analyze the Nigerian situation in the light of the biblical change on the statement, “the parents have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.” Thus, it now becomes; “As I live, says the Lord God, this proverb shall no more be used by you in Israel…it is only the person who sins that shall die.”[1]Therefore, the blame of Nigerian retarded growth should dangle between both the past and the present but especially, to the present. Keywords: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY, Blaming the Past Syndrome, electorates. Title: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY IN EZEKIEL 18:2b -4 A Response To ‘Blaming The Past Syndrome’ In Nigerian Religious- Political Contexts Author: ELUKE PATRICK (PhD) International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Title: UNDERSTANDING THE IDEA OF ‘ALTERNATIVE POLITICS’ IN INDIA Author: INDRA REDDY.CH International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The aim of this study is to focus on the customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality and to determine the discrepancy in the service gap, and suggest ways to reduce or close the gaps and improve service quality in the three selected group age cargo service providers in the Pratunam area of Bangkok, Thailand. Qualitative research method is employed because the researcher wants to understand how both the internal and external customers perceive the service quality and interpret their experiences and the world around them in their own words in a natural setting or real life business situations. This is based on in-depth interviews conducted with the participants from both the “ANO” companies and their customers (Focus Groups) with reference to service quality. The companies used in this study as case study were tagged “ANO” in order to honor the confidentiality agreement, the researcher had with the management of those companies. The companies were selected based on the number of their customers and their market share. The researcher tends to understand the difference in the customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality as well as the discrepancy in the service gaps in the group age cargo shipping service. A total of 30 participants were used and out of which; three Managing Directors/CEOs, three senior managers, and three middle executives (operational managers); six front-desk employees and 15 focus group members, five members from each company were interviewed and the data collected content analyzed. The result of the findings showed that there is a difference between the customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality. The result also established that different customers have different expectations. These expectations are always influenced by the way and manner in which the service is performed and delivered and advertising on the part of service provider, and the customers’ past experiences, the word of mouth (WOM) which could be either positive or negative, and above all the personal needs of the individual customer. Again, the result of the findings also revealed that there is a difference in the gap between the customers’ expectations and perceptions of service quality in the group age cargo shipping service. Here, the customers’ expectations were higher than their perceptions; hence customers’ expectations were given priority. The result of this study indicated that the service quality of the group age cargo service providers in the Pratunam area of Bangkok is low and they failed to meet the customers’ expectations. Keywords: Service quality, Customers’ expectations, Customers’ perceptions, Discrepancy in the gap, Group age cargo shipping. Title: Assessment of the Expected and Perceived Service quality of Groupage Cargo shipping Management in the Pratunam Area of Bangkok, Thailand Author: Bertrand Ifeanyi Akile International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The introduction of entrepreneurship education in the curriculum of tertiary institutions in Nigeria is viewed as the most effective way of fast tracking the transition of growing graduate population from theoretical education to the world of work. The major goal of entrepreneurship education is to promote innovation and self-employment among the citizens through the inculcation of entrepreneurial knowledge, competences and attitudes in the learners. The paper explores entrepreneurship education and the challenges of resources to promote innovation in students of tertiary institutions. The paper recommends that teachers in tertiary institutions be motivated to encourage innovation and originality in the students in the teaching of entrepreneurship using practical exploration, brainstorming and experimentation methods. Keywords: Entrepreneurship education, Innovation, Development, and National unity. Title: The Challenges of Resources in Tertiary Entrepreneurship Education for Innovation Development and National Unity Author: Ademu, A., Akpihi, L., Odekina, F.O.Alih, S.O International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The development of any nation depends on proper planning of its manpower. In present times it is necessary to measure powers of an individual and to guide him properly. The power of head, hand and heart of an individual should be measured properly. We can have a rough idea of his powers thro’ his educational achievements and our own observations. Thus various types of tests are necessary. Various types of aptitude tests are used for measuring powers of students. In recent times for making a forecast of progress in various professions the aptitude tests are being used. Actually it is not proper. Because in many professions machine power, ability of hands and fingers, power of space and logical power are required in addition to the aptitude ability. Hence different Types of tests become necessary. Thus the forecast of success of an individual cannot be done on basis of aptitude indeed but by making measurement of special powers. Hence these types of tests have become important in developed countries of West. Gillard has imagined 180 types of such tests. To measure different type of abilities there are various types of tests like Alfa logical test, Numerical ability, Space ability, Handicraft ability and Musical ability test. The Mathematical Reasoning Ability test in education has been developed and standardized by the investigator meant for Xth standard under different boards ICSE, GSEB and CBSE. The procedure of development of mathematical reasoning ability (MRA) test in education consists of planning, preparing, and item selection; try out, scoring and item analysis. The test initially consisted of 175 items, later item discussions with the experts and administration on the students, the items were reduced to 170. After through items analysis the final draft of the test reduced to 128 items. The test-retest method will use for reliability. Keywords: Mathematical Reasoning Ability Test, High School Students, different boards ICSE, GSEB and CBSE. Title: Construction and Standardization of Mathematical Reasoning Ability Test for Comparative Study of High School Students of Different Boards Author: Mr. Prithvi Raj, Dr. A.J. Bharvad International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The global gender discourse has placed more emphasis on women empowerment. However, when issues concerning adolescents are raised, both boys and girls should be integrated. This is because the same power that patriarchy is believed to have given men, hurts men as well, especially adolescent boys. In rural Nigeria, adolescents between the ages of 15 to 17 years have faced many challenges that prevent them from taking up agricultural employment and agricultural vocational education. This review shows that adolescent girls get less education than boys due to early marriage, and are less likely to visit farms due to the insurgency. On the other hand, the drudgery that is associated with agriculture and the passion for an urban life have made adolescent boys more likely to migrate to the urban areas, thus, placing vocational agricultural education as a fallback option for them. The study also reveals that unemployed youths can engage in socially unacceptable behavior. Fortunately, the youth empowerment programs available in the country provide opportunities for the government to include them in economic activities. It is therefore recommended that the government should recognize this age group as an economic member of the society, and take a strong stand against the insurgency, thus treating security as a real issue that continues to deny young women of empowerment. Nevertheless, more research is being called to find ways to mobilize adolescents for agriculture engagement. Keywords: Gender, Agriculture, Vocational Agricultural Education, Adolescent, Nigeria. Title: The Gendered Challenges Faced By Rural Nigerian Adolescents (15 to17 years) in Agriculture and Vocational Education Author: Chinedu.T. Obi, Tamika A. Peart International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: This phenomenological study portrays the lived experiences of some Special Education (SPED) Student Teachers of Cebu Normal University, a state university, in Cebu City, who taught in non-SPED classrooms during their pre-service teaching during the first semester of school year 2014-2015. This paper looks into the challenges, adjustments, coping mechanisms and the meaning of these experiences for the twenty-two (22) SPED student teachers participants who were willing to participate in the study. The researchers made use of the descriptive phenomenological approach following the Husserlian philosophy and Colaizzi’s data analysis. They performed ‘bracketing’ activities before conducting semi-structured interviews with the participants who gave their informed consent. The highlights of the experiences of these student teachers are condensed in the following themes: “Straining Training”; “The Big Three: Classroom Management, Standards of Mentors and Making of Lesson Plans”; “Four P’s: Pray, Prepare the lessons, Practice and Positive mindset”; “Classroom CEO”; “A Blessing in Disguise”; “Half-baked Teachers”; “Ready for Battle” and “The Power of the Mind.” Results also showed that the SPED student teachers still consider the whole experience worthwhile and beneficial despite “seeming unpreparedness” since it’s like hitting two birds with one stone – one gets exposed not only to SPED but also the non-SPED classrooms in the process. Keywords: Special Education student teacher, SPED classroom, regular classroom, descriptive phenomenology experiences, challenges, adjustments, coping mechanism. Title: A Phenomenological Study of SPED Student Teachers Assigned in Non-SPED Classrooms: Basis for Curriculum Enhancement Author: Matt C. Malagar, Ayn C. Villarba, Amelia M. Bonotan International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: As a growing of telecommunication industry around the world MPT Myanmar telecommunication is getting promote its marketing strategies in 4Ps such as products, price, place and promotion to compete with its competitors that had invested last years ago. As states own company, this company has leaded the telecom market around nation but nowadays, it has big international telecom competitors, Telenor and Ooresoo. This academic paper, the study of MPT’s marketing strategy in Myanmar, have five part of its market study; products, price, place and promotion. The aim of this study is to measure how the MPT’s marketing strategy effects on its customers satisfaction by using its products and services in reasonable fee such as the product quality, suitable price for all, to meet the customer’s needs where it is and the competition of promotion with other competitors using the market strategies related the needed of region in new telecom market around nation. The questionnaires of answers, the result of answers, 109 customers of MPT, Myanmar were conducted with the frequency, descriptive statistic and the correlation of Pearson method. By the result of this paper, the customers of MPT’s users are male 59.6 percent and level of age is that 41.3 percent in between 26 and 31 years and most of MPT’s customers are single, 62.4 percent. In education background, 40.4 percent of bachelor degrees, most of customers are students, 42.2 percent. A grade for MPT’s services and MPT’s facilities that it has supporting around nation, The MPT’s SIM Cards price and MPT’s SMS and calling in local and oversea fee, MPT focus on its market especially in Yangon and MPT has big market such as Shan State and MPT’s loyalty reward program and MPT’s point of purchase display material have no relationship each other but the other of part have relationship. Although MPT’s roduct were very expensive and difficult to get its products many years ago in related of political situation but nowadays, its products can be used as reasonable price in everywhere. For the developing of telecom industry as a basic of infrastructure, MPT, Myanmar needs to be developing such as product and services with the customer needs. On the other hand, developing of IT industry around the world affects the telecom company to be improved in technology to meet the smart phone (cell phone) age. The study will help over the telecom company effectiveness such as marketing strategies on their products, services and other needs of its customers. The key to the successful development of the telecommunication sector is the liberalization of its market and establishment of its infrastructures. MPT have to persuade its loyalty customers by giving the right product, supporting its services in reasonable price, extend its market place and using promotion strategies. Although MPT, Myanmar has two international telecom competitors such as Telenor and Ooredoo, MPT has leading telecom market in Myanmar as a state-own company. Nowadays, MPT is using advance technique in telecommunication industry around the nation. Keywords: Product, price, place and promotion. Title: “The Study of MPT’s Marketing Strategy in Myanmar” Author: Mr. Min Thu Ya, Dr. Vijit Supinit International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: Most of the evidence on innovation process in the hotels, at the corporate level especially, used small teams in generating ideas, and also to solve day to day problems. One of the most unfortunate myths about the strategic development process is that it is the responsibility of the firm’s leadership, or a firm’s wide committee to develop a strategic plan and then persuade or sell the rest of the partnership on to employees to follow the vision. David (2000) argues that in accordance with this statement, the innovation process management that does not involve employees, human resource and for that matter teams may constitute the ream in a business that sells sleep and creates dreams for its customers. The study investigated types of innovation and processes that are practiced in 5 star hotels in central London precisely. It also identified processes the hotels go through when it comes to ideas generation and implementation with reference to employees. Case study design of qualitative research was employed for this research. A form of non- probability sampling, judgment sampling, has been used with interview research instrument. The study identified that, innovation in the hotels are not actual innovations but rather, recombination of old ideas with unique approach that is perceived by the individual hotels involved as innovation. The hotels sampled have something new to them. However, all the ideas ranged from renovation of staff cafeteria to a buffet service restaurant, renovation of a smoking room to employee educational resource centre, etc. This aspect seam to influence the level of employees’ involvement in idea generation at management level and this is attributed to the small teams that are at work. The most significant factor that deferred each stage from another is in various departments and the team work approach. The nature and functions of these teams, and also the attitude towards employee potential mainly as linked with motivation. This could be the reason why the employee involvement in corporate ideas generation is shifting towards line management managers and for that matter t team building. Customer comments and the like are clearly seen as other sources for generating ideas in the hotels as well. Customer comment card are used for solving day to day problems. . Due to comments cards and the powers given to the line managers, the directors in the hotels feel it will be increasingly difficult to involve employees, throughout the entire process besides; the thought of it being commercially expensive was more pronounced and not to be economical. Due to the limitations of the study, the study cannot make any firm conclusions into the specifics of innovation processes. It does however provide a first overview of the models used in hotels for innovation in 5 star hotels and other related issues that has not been done before. More research is necessary into these areas in order to gain a deeper understanding of innovation process in five & four star hotels. Other interested parties will certainly find this study as an interesting start to a much encompassing subject. Keywords: Innovation process, strategic development, human resource, team building, resource centre. Title: Innovation Processes in Hotel Companies (A Case Study of Zest Cafeteria, London) Author: Faustina Mary Aku Otsyina, Victor Dedume International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The recruitment industry is probably one of the oldest among the service industries in the world and it is still the largest segment of the HR industry with an annual turnover of dollar 400 billion globally. More than 99% of 20,000 players in the industry comprise niche or boutique firms, which operate either in one city, one industry or with one client. The recruitment market, globally and in India is dominated by staffing that comprises around 75% of the market. Indian recruitment Industry basically can be divided in to 5 types Recruitment Consulting (Permanent), Staffing companies, Executive search firms, Software companies sending employees on contract and RPO companies. This paper mainly focuses on understanding the challenges and issues pertaining to staffing and selection. It aims to render a comparison between staffing which includes temporary recruitment, managing statutory compliance, payroll, administration handled by the contractor and selection which is exclusive recruitment of middle and senior managers for permanent positions with client organizations. Keywords: Staffing, Selection, HR Services, Sourcing, Screening and short listing. Title: Challenges and Issues Pertaining To Staffing and Selection Author: Prof. Pooja Ainapur, Prof. B. Vidyavathi, Prof. Keerti Kulkarni, Ms.Aishwarya Doddamani International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals

Abstract: The Arab uprisings met several analysts, scholars, writers, predictors and even fortune-tellers unaware. Having begun in Tunisia, in only a few months of its commencement a clear indication emerged to suggest that Arab societies are embarked on a true democratic political reform. The subsequent fall of authoritarian governments in several Arab states such as Egypt, Libya, and Yemen cements this belief. Ironically, after over four years of the uprisings, the early belief seems to have faded in some countries such as Egypt and Libya, and it seems that revolutionists are hoping to return to life before the uprising, as the struggle for change has proven more difficult than anticipated. Countries like Syria, Bahrain, Yemen, Libya, and Egypt seems to have had their revolutionary efforts hijacked either by opposing ideology or Western influences. To some extent, apart from Tunisia, Western influences and interferences have largely contributed to the result of the uprising. On one hand, the West wants to maintain the presence of authoritarian regimes as far as it serves its interest. On the other, it prefers to pretend as if it upholds the principle of democracy by popular voices and choices in the Arab world. This paper examines the role of the West in the Arab uprising, whether such role represents Arab revolutionary vision or not, and to what level has it affected the outcomes of the uprising? The paper concludes with recommendations for political stability in the Arab states. The research adopts descriptive and analytical methods, and the outcome shows that the West has contributed heavily to the instability and unrest across the Arab region. Keywords: Arab Uprising, Dictatorship, Political Freedom, West, National Interest, Stability. Title: The Political Situation and the Role of the West in the Arab Uprisings Author: Dr. Abdullahi Ayoade Ahmad International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online) Research Publish Journals