Vol 7 Issue 4 October 2019-December 2019

Abstract: Employee performance is key to the success of many organizations. This service is  provided by the human resources in that organization. Corporate leaders of business organizations provide employee welfare services among them employee counseling services as a way of motivating their employees to improve their productivity and performance. However, little information is known about such as employee counseling services by all the stakeholders in NGOs. The primary purpose of this study was to focus on the relationship between employee welfare services and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was: to assess the relationship of employee counseling services and performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee counseling services in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analyzed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that employee counseling services influenced performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 20.8% of performance of NGOs in Kenya was explained by the variable under study. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. However, the study found that the most significant factor influencing performance of the NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P- Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P- Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P- Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counseling with P- Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee counseling services had a significant positive relationship with performance in NGOs in Kenya and recommended that a policy on other employee counseling services such as grievance cells and suggestion schemes be considered and adopted by NGO management boards. This is likely to motivate employees to work better and with determination to enhance performance in NGOs in Kenya.

Keywords: Employee counseling and performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP OF EMPLOYEE COUNSELLING SERVICES AND PERFORMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: An organization's employees are its greatest asset. As such, it is essential for employers to recognize the potential impact of employee social support on performance. Employee social support services are often offered in addition to mandatory benefit programs. These services typically address all areas of a worker's life, which might impact the ability to focus and perform on the job. The main goal of this study was to focus on the relationship between employee social support and performance in non-governmental organizations in Kenya. The specific objective of the study was: to understand the relationship of employee social support on performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study is likely to aid the NGOs management boards, policy makers in government, human resource professionals and scholars and researchers in policy formulation for employee social support in order to improve performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study  employed both correlational and descriptive survey designs. The fundamental model shaping this study was the linear regression model. The target population of the study was 14,283 employees in NGOs in Kenya. The sample size of the study was 372 respondents comprising junior management at 242, middle management at 97 and top management staffs at 33 chosen by simple random stratified sampling technique. Primary data was collected using both questionnaires and interviews. The data was analysed using the Statistical packages for social sciences (version 23). The main findings of the study indicated that employee social support influenced performance in NGOs in Kenya. The study also found that 43.9% of performance in NGOs in Kenya was explained by this variable. Finally, the study also contributed to theory and knowledge for humanity. The study also found that the most significant factor influencing performance of the NGOs in Kenya was employee social support with P- Value at 0.439, followed by employee economic support with P- Value at 0.372, recreation facilities with P- Value at 0.358 and lastly employee counselling with P- Value at 0.208. The study had limitations, that is, the respondents were not consistent and the sample size of the study was limited in scope. The study concluded that employee social support had a significant positive relationship with performance of NGOs in Kenya. The study recommended to the NGO management boards in Kenya to come up with a comprehensive and revised employee social support draft policy document that would enhance employee social support in the NGOs in Kenya. Further, the study also recommended that NGOs in Kenya should organize regular outings and retreats for their employees and also to organize events. The study also recommended that NGOs in Kenya should enhance contributions for bereavement, weddings, anniversaries and other avenues of social support that can motivate employees to give their best to the organization and enhance performance.

Keywords: Employee Social Support; Performance.

Title: RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMPLOYEE SOCIAL SUPPORT AND PERFORMANCE OF NGOs IN KENYA

Author: Protus Atsali Lumiti, Dr. Susan Wekesa, Dr. Mary Omondi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper outlines the different discourses surrounding Anglo-Indians in India and their search for identity. Just before the British departed from India, a difficult situation arose for the Anglo-Indians – torn between the superior British rule and the mistrust that Indians had for them due to their cultural practices born from that of the western world. This problem of ‘identity’ has prevailed even today among members of the Community. When they had developed a true community consciousness, this identity crisis became less pronounced but there was never an opportunity for them to stand a firm ground and identify themselves as Anglo-Indians. This paper will also focus on the ethnicity of Anglo-Indians in India and how this has been the only stronghold which has helped the community preserve its so-called identity in terms of culture, religion, tradition and customs. Today, the Community has come to terms with a more positive approach to national consciousness. It has awakened to new beginnings and has taken up the responsibility to play a role in a resurgent India and help in shaping a nation.

Keywords: Anglo-Indian, Anglo-Indian Community, identity, ethnicity, culture, conflict, minority, shaping a nation.

Title: Shaping a Nation – Identity and Ethnicity of the Anglo-Indian community in India

Author: Dr. Walter Hugh Parker

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper is an attempt to investigate the ambiguities of the cyberspaced higher education metanarrative and to use them as a background from which to illuminate alternative financial  and strategic models for universities in Africa and Cameroon. Universities in Africa and Cameroonare now faced with the challenges of a new free market capitalist order marked by a significant squeeze in public subsidies and funding and an increasing need to rely on privatization of capital resources, entrepreneurship startups and incubations. The paper argues that this process of social change will be very challenging for universities in Africa and Cameroon for a number of reasons. The cyberspaced site of the higher education as an organization is full of ambiguities. More critically, the alternative models of financing and strategic management of the university organization is very susceptible to the obsolescence of traditional/modern models of  diffusion and adoption, the political economy of financial management, the limitations of the realist paradigms of higher education organizational management, new realities of the cost-effective mode of public university institutions, designing of the new public management performance, agency of social actors and actor-network contingencies.

Keywords: Cyberspatialization of higher education, diffusion/ adoption, financial management, realist paradigms of higher education,  cost-effective mode of public university institutions, new public management performance, agency of social actors, actor-network contingencies.

Title: Cyberspacing higher education and ambiguities in selected critical readings: advocacy for an alternative financial and strategic management regime

Author: John Tientem Mbi, Alfred Ndi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Biu local Government of Borno State is centrally located in the Northeast of Nigeria. There exists a cordial trade relationship between the local government and other parts of Nigeria and even beyond. Thousands of tonnes of grains, livestock and other goods flow between the local government and her trading partners. The study examines the effect of Insurgents activities on economic development of people of Biu. The study uses both primary and secondary data. The primary data was generated through the administration of structured questionnaire and interview conducted on from write-ups dealt with same topic under discussion. Descriptive statistical technique was used in data analysis. Study revealed that lives has been lost, monies has been lost to the insurgents, herd of cattle and sheep have been lost, and people have also lose their jobs and investors have also shun the area during the period and in general all economic activities was paralyzed..The study therefore recommends that “people should be enlightened on the fact that security is not just a government business, but everybody’s business and government should live up to its  responsibilities of protecting its citizens and should embark on poverty alleviation in the area to cushion the effect of insurgency experienced in the area.

Keywords: Insurgency, effect, activities, economic development.

Title: Assessment of the Effect of Insurgency on Economic Activities of people in Biu L.G.A, Borno State, Nigeria

Author: Mohammed Mohammed Chapola

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This paper is written to enable the readers to judge the conditions of the Chin tribes before and after the occupation of the British. The Chins had their unique and distinctive cultures and traditions and their religions, customs, culture, traditions have been properly maintained up to the middle of the twentieth century. In the past time, their main religion was animism and the oral tradition passed from generation to generation. That had been also their main source of maintaining their culture in many aspects. After the arrival of British and the Christian missionaries to Chin hill-regions, there becoming changes in the basic culture and the original thinking way of the Chin people. This paper describes the old and new aspects of the culture of Chin people such as religion, naming of a childbirth, fixing the time, education and health.

Keywords: Chins, before and after colonization of British, Cultural and religious changes.

Title: ANALYTICAL STUDY OF CHIN TRIBES: BEFORE AND AFTER BRITISH ANNEXATION

Author: Ram Kyin Khaing, Chen Xianchu, Zhan Bei Bei

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The Mac dynasty began to rule the whole of Đai Viet around the end of the 15^th century – at the beginning of the 16^th century, when things began to fall apart as a severe economic crisis came around, severely affected the by-then dynasty of the Le, which was at that time, seriously degenerated: the mandarinate is alienated, life of most peasants became increasingly painful, thus justified the formation of the Mac dynasty. In just a short amount of time, they have managed to re-build the government apparatus, from central to local. Over 65 years ruling in Thang Long, the Mac dynasty have left their marks on all crucial fields including political, economics and culture, especially the strong attention was paid to the improvements of the education system. That was credited for the massive number of scholars serving for both the Mac dynasty and its later representatives. Based on inheriting data from previous researchers, the following paper describes in-depth about the Mac dynasty’s education system (1527 – 1592) and the remarkable feat it has brought.

Keywords: Mac dynasty, education.

Title: CONFUCIANISM IDEOLOGY IN EDUCATIONAL POLICIES OF THE MAC DYNASTY DURING RULING THĂNG LONG (1527-1592)

Author: Nguyen Thi Ngoc Thao

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This article explores, analyzes, interprets, and evaluates the content of thinking and writing art when constructing shapeless characters of Nam Cao. These characters are based on the author’s concept of human art in the context of the rural lives of Vietnam during the period of half-colonial and half-feudalism before 1945. Each shapeless character in the writer’s frame represents the Vietnamese farmers who struggled to live in their villages, the places full of injustice and perverseness. Their formal deformities, especially the difficult, dirt-poor life of characters such as Chi Pheo, Thi No, Trach Van Doanh, Truong Ru, Lang Ran… are all originated from social causes, not from their characteristics. To clarify the problem, the paper uses systematic methods, character analysis, historical researches, literature type comparisons. From the research results, the article affirms the value of the characters lies in the sincerity, originality as well as in the author's criticism, social denunciation in the spirit of humanity, for human beings.

Keywords: article explores, shapeless characters, character analysis, historical researches.

Title: THE IMAGE OF SHAPELESS CHARACTERS IN THE SHORT STORIES OF NAM CAO DURING THE PERIOD FROM 1940 – 1945

Author: Le Thi Thanh Dam

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study sought to investigate influence of selected socio-economic factors on uptake of agricultural loans by maize farmers in Kwanza Sub-County, Trans-Nzoia County. Specifically, the study determined how farmers’, loan experience and land ownership rights influenced uptake of agricultural loans by Maize Farmers. Descriptive survey design was adopted for this study. The target population were 5 crop extension officers, 10 credit managers and 14631 maize farmers spread across all the 4 wards in Kwanza sub-county. A sample of 384 maize farmers was considered. Stratified sampling technique was used to collect various characteristics of farmers in the four wards and systematic sampling was used to refine the sampling frame. The researcher used questionnaires and interviews to collect data. Data was collected by administering questionnaires to maize farmers and holding face-face interviews with Credit managers and Crop Extension Officers. In the findings, Loan experience and awareness had a great influence on uptake of agricultural loans compared to land ownership rights. Notably, 80.2% of the respondents observed that they would never apply for financial credit in the future because of the bad experience they had. Further, 70.6% maize farmers observed that they were auctioned by financial institutions for failing to repay their loans in full, they were discouraged to secure loans in future. The majority, 98.9% indicated that interest rates charged on loans made them to shy away from securing financial credit. It was recommended that financial institutions should create awareness to maize farmers to enable them make informed decision before securing loans. the government should review the interest cap act to allow market forces of demand and supply to determine interest rates.

Keywords: Influence, Socio-Economic Factors, Uptake, Agricultural loan, maize,  Farmers.

Title: INFLUENCE OF SELECTED SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE UPTAKE OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN BY MAIZE FARMERS IN KWANZA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Erick Ngetich Kipruto, Dr. Patrick Cheben Simiyu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Globally teenage Pregnancy has become a worrying trend. Young girls drop out of school due to pregnancy and may not continue with their normal life. Teenage pregnancy refers to girls becoming pregnant below the age of 19 years. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the social cultural factors influencing teen pregnancies in Kwanza Sub-County, Tran-Nzoia County. The target population was 704 which included 700 pregnant teens and mothers and four officers from health facilities in Kwanza sub-county. After obtaining verbal consent, the teen mothers and teen pregnant girls were interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine circumstances that led them into pregnancies. After assembling and organizing completed instruments, the study used descriptive statistics to analyze data. Quantitative data was analyzed using the descriptive statistical tools of mean, percentages and frequencies. The study’s main findings are that negative social models influence negatively the girl child hence increase teen pregnancies. The study recommends that positive role modeling strategies be provided in the family and school and by extension in the community.                                                               

Keywords: Social- Cultural Factors, Influencing Teen Frequencies.

Title: SELECTED SOCIAL-CULTURAL FACTORS INFLUENCING TEEN PREGNANCIES IN KWANZA SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Naliaka Nancy Wamalwa, Dr. Patrick Cheben Simiyu

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The art and literature of an era reflects the social consciousness of the period. The moment and milieu of the period gets reflected in the works of literature of the period. Aravind Adiga’s novel ‘The White Tiger’ deals with sociological perspective of Indian classes which highlights the struggle and exploitation of poor and the vulnerable in the globalized world. The research paper attempts to evaluate prominent social problems like corruption, poverty and discrimination. The novelist portrays the reality behind the social scenario which prevails in various levels in the social class.

Keywords: corruption, poverty and discrimination.

Title: Social glitches and the Excruciating Validities in Aravind Adiga’s The White Tiger

Author: Vijayalakshmi.K, Dr. Sreeja Balakrishnan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Road safety in rural areas of Kisumu County had attracted a lot of public opinion and scholarly debate despite a potentially enabling road safety strategy mirrored in Kenya’s Integrated National Transport Policy (INTP). This was due to lack of specific attention in previous policy and scholarly research, yet there were perceived high levels of road fatality. Aware of the relevance of road traffic control as a conduit of policy implementation, this study sought to investigate and explain road safety concerns in that part of the county. The study particularly examined the influence of counteractive traffic control strategies on road safety. For this purpose, attention was specifically given to the effects of anti DMC  vehicle operations, reactionary safety mechanisms against reckless driving, and penalty of traffic offences on road safety.  The study adopted an exploratory and descriptive correlational research design based on the quantitative and qualitative approach. A sample of 365 respondents was selected from the study population of 1919 subjects using purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. The study findings indicate that road safety was generally low in rural Kisumu County. This was according to findings attributed to DMC vehicles, reckless driving and discrepant traffic offence penalty. Particularly, operations against DMC vehicles were inadequate, mechanisms fighting reckless driving were less effectively used and traffic offences were barely penalized in most of rural Kisumu. It was specifically found out that failure to combat DMC vehicles predicted 25.5%, reckless driving predicted 38.5% and poor traffic offence penalties predicted 33.7% of road safety threats. Generally, counteractive traffic controls predicted 44.9% of the road safety dilemma in such rural areas of the county. It was therefore recommended that Kenya’s National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA), Kisumu County Government (KCG), and the private sector should phase out vehicles in dangerous mechanical conditions, ensure and support stringent road safety penalties and vigorously fight corruption in the road transport sector. Proactive traffic control strategies should also be promoted i.e. community sensitization on road safety, improved quality of driving schools, use of intelligent vehicle safety gargets, and consistent road maintenance.

Keywords: Counteractive traffic control, dangerous mechanical condition, reckless driving, traffic offence penalty, road safety.

Title: COUNTERACTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL STRATEGIES AND ROAD SAFETY IN RURAL KISUMU, SOUTH WESTERN KENYA

Author: Silas Oloo Mc’opiyo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: The research includes a study of the relationship between motives and influences and events that revolve around the artists of the artistic print, and affect the formation of their thought and artistic style, and try to determine what  those influences, through a review of a range of printed artwork, that resulting from these intellectual influences.

There is no doubt that artistic creativity is one of the most important and complex intellectual issues, because it is related to the hidden sensations of the artist, which resulting from the intellectual influences and motives surrounding him, which resulted in his artistic work; therefore, the researcher sought to identify some of the motives and intellectual influences that influenced the formation of the mind, imagination and conscience of the artists of the contemporary artistic print, and discover new or unclear contents in his artistic output, to reduce the gap between the contemporary art and the audience.

Keywords: (External Influences, printed artwork, Graphic Art, Thought and Art, Intellectual Content, Sources of Thought).

Title: External influences as a creative stimulant for artists of the printed artwork

Author: Shady Abd-elfattah Muhammad Abu-ridah

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: This study investigates the factors that significantly affect the transfer of training among government organizations in the state of Qatar. Although millions are spent annually on training, there are evidences that show that the rate and level of transferring training to workplace is low. Therefore this study came to investigate the impact of the leadership style on transfer of training, and the role of social support as a mediating factor.  To achieve the objective of this study, a quantitative approach was applied on a random sample of   381 employees from 4500 employees who work for the government agencies in Qatar. The questionnaire was composed of four parts, the demographics, transfer of training into work place (8 items), transactional and transformational leadership styles (18 items based on MLQ of Bass and Avolio) and finally social support (8 items) and supervisor support (7 items). 

These items have been input into the (PCA) analysis. Eight items have been input into the (PCA) analysis, where Analysis using advanced techniques by AMOS and other software was conducted. The results showed that Transactional leadership style and  Transformational leadership style has low  direct impact on the transfer of training, whereas the indirect effect  of leadership style  on the transfer of training into the work place was much higher due to the mediation of the social support.

Keywords: Qatar, Transfer of Training, Leadership, Social Support.

Title: THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT FACTOR AS A MEDIATING ON THE TRANSFER OF TRAINING AMONG GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN THE STATE OF QATAR

Author: Muhannad F M Hayajneh, Humam Bin Mohamed, Mohammad Mahmoud Alzubi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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Abstract: Dramatic pieces are often investigated vis-à-vis their structure over the past decade. However, few are examined according to behavioural standpoints.  As such, an investigation is conducted in order to reveal the psychoanalytical conflicts of the characters in the theatrical production The Addams Family using qualitative method.  This study adheres on two aspects: keeping of secrets and portrayal of love. The selected characters under investigation are as follows: Wednesday, Morticia, and Gomez. This paper includes Freud's concept of psychoanalysis. In connection with the said objective, detailed discourse analysisis utilized in order to arrive at the imperative result. The study shows that the selected characters are governed by the more structured parts of mind: Id, ego, and superego. The study further reveals that the selected characters are manipulated by Freud's concept of repression, aggression, and sexuality. Based on the findings of the study, it is concluded that aforesaid musical reveal psychoanalytic conflicts of the selected characters concerning secrecy and affection. The results give a noteworthy contribution to literary and theatrical study.

Keywords: psychoanalytical conflicts, Addams family, characters, secrets, love, musical.

Title: Psychoanalytical Conflicts of the Selected Characters in The Addams Family

Author: Kimberth D. Obeso

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

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