Vol 13 Issue 4 October 2025-December 2025

Abstract: This study critically examines the traditional and flipped classroom approaches to teaching English as a Second Language (ESL), focusing on their comparative impact on learning outcomes. The objective is to explore how these pedagogical models influence learner engagement, language proficiency, and instructional efficacy. Key findings reveal distinct advantages and limitations of each approach. Traditional classrooms, characterized by teacher-centered instruction, provide a structured framework beneficial for foundational grammar and vocabulary but often limit student interaction and communicative competence. Conversely, the flipped classroom model, emphasizing pre-class preparation and active in-class engagement, enhances learner autonomy, critical thinking, and collaborative skills. However, challenges such as technological reliance and the digital divide present barriers to its implementation. The study highlights the potential of integrating these approaches to address diverse learner needs. Educators are encouraged to adopt hybrid models that combine the structure of traditional methods with the dynamic, interactive elements of flipped classrooms. Recommendations include investing in teacher training, digital infrastructure, and resource development to support inclusive and flexible ESL instruction. By leveraging the strengths of both methodologies, stakeholders can create effective and equitable learning environments, preparing ESL learners for success in a globalized, technology-driven world.

Keywords: ESL Teaching, Traditional Classroom, Flipped Classroom, Learner Engagement, and Pedagogical Integration.

Title: A Comparative Study of Traditional and Flipped Classroom Approaches to Teaching English as a Second Language

Author: Khadija Yahuza Muhammad

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 488-497

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Published Date: 01-December-2025

Abstract: This study provides a comprehensive lexico-syntactic analysis of errors in the English subtitles of selected Hausa films, with a focus on the cultural and linguistic challenges of translating between Hausa and English. Hausa cinema, often referred to as "Kannywood," represents a vibrant cultural tradition, yet the process of subtitling its films introduces linguistic complexities that may distort the original meaning. Drawing on linguistic theory and error analysis, the research categorizes subtitle inaccuracies into lexical mistranslations, syntactic misalignments, and omissions. These errors are examined in the context of cultural expressions, idiomatic phrases, and syntactic differences, highlighting the impact of subtitling inaccuracies on cultural representation and audience comprehension. Findings reveal recurring patterns of error that stem from linguistic disparities, technical constraints, and insufficient cultural adaptation. By applying a structured analytical framework, this study proposes strategies for improving subtitle quality, emphasizing the need for cultural competence, professional training, and technological support in subtitling practices. The implications extend beyond linguistic research, offering practical insights for translators, filmmakers, and educators. This work underscores the critical role of accurate subtitles in preserving the cultural integrity of Hausa films while fostering global accessibility and cross-cultural understanding.

Keywords: Hausa cinema, lexico-syntactic analysis, subtitling errors, audiovisual translation, cultural adaptation.

Title: A LEXICO-SYNTACTIC ANALYSIS OF ERRORS IN SELECTED HAUSA FILMS SUBTITLED IN ENGLISH

Author: Khadija Yahuza Muhammad

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 474-487

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 01-December-2025

Abstract: The research explored psychological and motivational predictors of substance use among secondary school students in Rivers State. Employing a survey approach, it determined that peer pressure and stress-related reasons were the most significant predictors, while self-esteem and emotional regulation played a moderate role. Motivational aspects, such as curiosity and coping strategies, also had a considerable impact. The study concludes that both psychological and motivational factors influence the substance-use behavior of adolescents and suggests implementing targeted interventions to enhance emotional resilience and mitigate peer influence.

Keywords: Substance use, psychological predictors, motivational factors, secondary school students.

Title: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND MOTIVATIONAL PREDICTORS OF SUBSTANCE ABUSE AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN RIVERS STATE

Author: IBEABUCHI, RACHAEL UDOCHUKWU

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 467-473

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Published Date: 27-November-2025

Abstract: This study examined the influence of vocational education and training (VET) management practices on students’ entrepreneurial skills acquisition in public technical secondary schools in Rwanda. It specifically assessed the effects of building construction and resource allocation, culinary arts, fashion design, and electrical technology with supervision on students’ entrepreneurial competencies. The study targeted 202 respondents from public technical secondary schools in Nyaruguru District, including 91 current students, 50 trainers, 31 school leaders, and 30 graduates from the 2022–2024 cohorts. A sample of 134 participants was selected through stratified and simple random sampling. Data were collected using questionnaires and document analysis, with a pilot study conducted to ensure reliability. Both descriptive and correlational research designs were applied, and data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.0. Findings indicated that building construction and effective resource allocation significantly enhanced students’ practical abilities, creativity, strategic thinking, and problem-solving skills, with strong agreement among trainers (51.5%–60.6%) and students (45.0%–52.5%). Culinary arts training promoted creativity, problem-solving, and customer service competencies, supported by strong agreement from trainers (30.3%–39.4%) and students (45.0%–52.5%). Similarly, fashion design training improved creativity, strategic thinking, and customer engagement, with trainers’ agreement ranging from 33.3%–39.4% and students from 40.0%–52.5%. Electrical technology training and supervision strengthened technical proficiency and entrepreneurial readiness, with trainers’ agreement between 30.3%–39.4% and students between 35.0%–41.3%. Overall, the study concluded that practical, well-managed, and resource-supported vocational education plays a crucial role in equipping students with entrepreneurial competencies essential for self-employment and meaningful participation in Rwanda’s labor market. It recommended strengthening infrastructure, practical training, professional development, student engagement, supervision, and policy support to enhance the effectiveness and sustainability of VET programs.

Keywords: Vocational Education, Training Management, Entrepreneurial Skills, Student, Technical Secondary Schools, Rwanda.

Title:  Vocational Education and Training Management Practices and Student’s Entrepreneurial Skills Acquisition in Public Technical Secondary Schools in Rwanda: A Case of Nyaruguru District

Author: Niyobuhungiro Zephanie, Dr Hesbon Opiyo Andala

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 452-466

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-November-2025

Abstract: Despite the advantages of well-designed strategic plans, the IEBC still encounters challenges in achieving its organizational goals. These challenges include a lack of citizen participation, fairness, and credibility. Additionally, electronic voter verification and tallying technologies present different security challenges compared to manual verification systems. Carrying out elections within some regions in the country is also a challenge due to impassable roads and insecurity. Therefore, for the achievement of elections that is free, fair and transparent within the limits of 2010 constitution, it is crucial to identify self-ruled governance, institutions and guidelines. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of organizational structure on performance of independent electoral and boundaries commission in Kenya. The study was guided by contingency theory. The study applied descriptive research design. The population consisted of Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission headquarters within Nairobi City County, Kenya with a total of 70 respondents and a census was used. The instrument used for collecting data was semi-structured questionnaire. Piloting test was done at Mombasa County’s offices of the organization with 7 respondents for assessments of validity and reliability. The tests involved in validity were face, criterion and content validity tests. A Cronbach’s alpha test was applied for reliability testing which considered a value of 0.7 or higher as indicative of reliable instrument. The process of analyzing qualitative data was based content analysis technique presenting finding in narrative form as per every variable. Descriptive statistics, such as means and standard deviations, were utilized to analyze the quantitative data gathered from the surveys. Additionally, multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore the relationship between independent and dependent variables. A table and a figure were employed to illustrate the findings. The study established that the organizational structure (β=0.0411, t= 3.294, p < 0.05) of IEBC had improved significantly its performance. The study concludes that the IEBC had a proper structure that had facilitates clear definition of roles and responsibilities making the electoral process transparent and efficient. The study recommends that the IEBC should streamline its processes by reviewing and refining the existing process to avoid redundancy and enhance workflow through adoption of lean management principles.

Keywords: Strategy Implementation, Organizational Structure, Performance.

Title: INFLUENCE OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE ON PERFORMANCE OF INDEPENDENT ELECTORAL AND BOUNDARIES COMMISSION IN KENYA

Author: Nur Omar Mohamed, Dr. Lawrence Wainaina

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 445-451

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-November-2025

Abstract: This study investigated the differences in bullying and victimization among a sample of primary school students. The study sample consisted of 629 students in grades from 7^th to 10^th, their ages ranged from 12-17 years (mean = 14.49, standard deviation = 1.17). They were selected from four public schools, two for males and two for females. Two scales were used, one for bullying and the other for victimization. Results of the study revealed that males reported bullying their peers significantly more than females. Likewise, males reported more victimization than females. Grade level differences emerged with 7^th and 8^th graders indicating significantly more victimization than 9^th and 10^th graders. Directions for future research are provided.

Keywords: Bullying, Victimization, Bullies, Victims, School Students, Adolescents.

Title: Differences in Bullying and Victimization according to Gender and Grade Level

Author: Dr. Ahmad Yahya Aljawarneh

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 437-444

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Published Date: 26-November-2025

Abstract: This article analyzes the Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry in Bangladesh, focusing on the labor unrest that erupted after the political changes of August 5, 2024. Using a qualitative methodology and secondary data, it identifies the primary drivers of the turmoil, including a post-regime political vacuum and a complex mix of new and old labor demands. It argues that while workers' dissatisfaction over wages and benefits was a key factor, the unrest was significantly exacerbated by a breakdown in law and order, and alleged interference from local and foreign interests. The study highlights the profound impact of this instability on the RMG sector, leading to factory closures, canceled orders, and significant financial losses, while also revealing the industry’s surprising resilience and export growth.

The research further explores the geopolitical context, suggesting that neighboring countries are exploiting Bangladesh’s instability to gain a larger share of the global garment market. It concludes with key recommendations for ensuring the long-term stability and competitiveness of the sector, emphasizing the need for improved employer-worker relationships, increased security, and fair purchasing practices from international buyers. Ultimately, this article provides a comprehensive analysis of how a political upheaval triggered cascading effects that exposed the vulnerabilities of a critical national industry.

Keywords: RMG sector, Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment (RMG) industry, political changes, labor unrest, political stability.

Title: Bangladesh's Ready-Made Garment Industry: Unrest Analysis after the Political Changes on August 05, 2024

Author: Dr. Mizanur Rahman

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 429-436

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Published Date: 22-November-2025

Abstract: Public service vehicles operating under credit cooperative societies in Kenya have continued to play a vital role in providing affordable and accessible transport services. However, these societies have faced persistent challenges in achieving efficient and consistent service delivery due to operational inefficiencies, competitive pressures, and inadequate strategic planning. This study examined the effect of differentiation strategies on the service delivery of public service vehicles in credit cooperative societies in Meru County, Kenya. The study was anchored on the Competitive Advantage Theory, the Resource-Based View, and the Contingency Theory. A descriptive research design was employed, and a census approach was adopted targeting staff, management, and stakeholders involved in the operations of credit cooperative societies managing public service vehicles in Meru County. Primary data were collected using structured questionnaires, while secondary data were obtained from internal reports and regulatory publications. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical methods, and results were presented in tables, graphs, and charts. The findings revealed that differentiation strategies had significant positive effects on service delivery. Differentiation enhanced service quality and customer satisfaction. The study showed that societies applying the strategies achieved better performance and competitiveness in the transport sector. The study concluded that the effective application of differentiation strategies enhanced service delivery and overall performance of public service vehicle cooperatives. It recommended that cooperative societies adopt technology-driven cost management and quality improvement to target niche markets to sustain competitiveness.

Keywords: Differentiation Strategies, service delivery.

Title: DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES ON THE SERVICE DELIVERY OF PUBLIC SERVICE VEHICLES IN CREDIT COOPERATIVE SOCIETIES IN MERU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Victor Omondi , Makhamara Hilda F

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 420-428

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-November-2025

Abstract: In the contemporary landscape of higher education, public music education often occupies a marginalized position, with its core value requiring redefinition beyond mere recreational activity. This study employs a mixed-methods empirical approach to investigate the impact of public music education on the development of university students' aesthetic literacy and innovative thinking. A quasi-experimental design was implemented, comparing a cohort of students enrolled in structured public music courses with a control group. Data were collected through pre- and post-test surveys measuring aesthetic perception, appreciation, and critical thinking skills, alongside the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT). Quantitative results indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between participation in public music education and enhanced levels of both aesthetic literacy and innovative thinking. Qualitative analysis of student reflections and project-based work further revealed deeper engagement and transference of creative skills to other academic domains. The findings argue for a fundamental re-evaluation of public music education's role in fostering essential 21st-century competencies. Based on the empirical evidence, the study concludes by proposing a practical framework of actionable pathways for curriculum reform and pedagogical innovation to maximize these developmental benefits within university education.

Keywords: Public Music Education; Aesthetic Literacy; Innovative Thinking; Empirical Study; Higher Education.

Title: Value Reconstruction and Practical Pathways: An Empirical Study on the Impact of Public Music Education in Universities on Students' Aesthetic Literacy and Innovative Thinking

Author: Yang Jing

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 412-419

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-November-2025

Abstract: Agro-Chemical and Food Company Limited has been recognized as the major entity in the food manufacturing industry, supplying essential chemicals and food manufacturiy solutions to other industries and consumers throughout Kenya. Nevertheless, recent statistics indicate that the company’s revenue has experienced a 15% decrease compared to the previous years due to low distribution coverage, cheap import, high cost of production, high cost of repair and maintenance, high taxation and scarcity of molasses. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing how strategic outsourcing and distribution strategy had influenced the performance of agro-chemical and food company limited in Kisumu County, Kenya. The balance scorecard model and the agency theory were used to guide the study. The Agro-Chemicals and Food Company Limited based in Kisumu County, Kenya was targeted. The respondents were 340 employees obtained from 9 departments of the company. The departments formed the study strata whereby stratified sampling technique was applied. The sampled respondents were chosen through simple random sampling approach. A questionnaire which was semi-structured was used in collecting data. Piloting test was carried out in Agricultural Development Corporation with 18 respondents involved. Content and construct test was used in assessing validity. A Cronbach’s Alpha test was  applied in the evaluation of reliability and a 0.721 coefficient was achieved which confirmed the strong reliability of the tool. The qualitative data was assessed using content assessment method with the responses given presented through narration. Descriptive analytic techniques, including percentages, means, and standard deviations, were used to evaluate quantitative data. The determination of how variables related was achieved through inferential analysis techniques which comprised of correlation and regression analyses. The study found that the strategic outsourcing (β=0.852; p=0.003) and distribution strategy (β=0.224; p=0.004) had a positive significant influence on the performance of ACFC Limited in Kisumu County, Kenya. The study concludes that the ACFC company had an effective implementation of strategic outsourcing strategy which had improved efficiency within its operations and overall performance. The company had a proper designed distribution strategy that had resulted to improved sales and customer satisfaction. The recommendations made were that; the company should concentrate on its core competencies through outsourcing non-core activities for improved productivity and innovation. The company should consider local partnerships to enhance its distribution network to leverage existing trust and credibility, facilitate smoother product access for consumers.

Keywords: Strategic Outsourcing, Distribution Strategy, Organizational performance.

Title: STRATEGIC OUTSOURCING AND DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY ON PERFORMANCE OF AGRO-CHEMICAL AND FOOD COMPANY LIMITED IN KISUMU COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Philip Odoyo Odindo, Dr. Felistus Makhamara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 399-411

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Published Date: 15-November-2025

Abstract: In the 19th century, it became more and more evident that Christianity was to stand up to agnosticism and materialism, which were becoming more prevalent among Tamil Nadu's educated youth. These young people valued new ethical and social issues due to religious motivation, which was partially a result of Christian influence. A pronounced awareness for the need of social change and uplift in terms of reforms rather than revolution can be discovered in Madras as early as 1852. With democratic developments the majority of Adi Dravidars in many churches gained for themselves opportunities of leadership up into Episcopal ranks. But that cannot belittle the tremendous liberation which some of their class experienced through Christianity and which received an irrefutable place in history.

Keywords: Missionaries, Untouchability, Education, Tiruvannamalai district.

Title: ELIMINATION OF DISPARITIES: CHRISTIAN MISSIONARIES AND THEIR ASSISTANCE TO THE MARGINALIZED IN TAMIL NADU

Author: Mr. A. Manojkumar, Dr. C. Jaya veera Devan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research  

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 394-398

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Published Date: 15-November-2025

Abstract: This paper examines the legal framework and practices regarding sustainable marine fisheries exploitation management in the United States, and provides a comparative analysis with the current legal system of Vietnam. The article first explores the legal structure of the U.S. regarding sustainable fisheries exploitation, clarifying the basic legal frameworks, sustainable fishing exploitation principles, the state management apparatus, and penalties for violations. It then compares U.S. regulations with those of Vietnam, identifying challenges and gaps in policy enforcement in Vietnam. The paper also analyzes the impact of institutional frameworks, management capacity, fishery scale, and fishermen’s awareness on sustainable fisheries exploitation management in both countries. Based on these findings, the article offers lessons for Vietnam and suggests solutions to improve the legal framework and enforcement mechanisms for sustainable fisheries exploitation management in Vietnam.

Keywords: Sustainable fisheries exploitation; U.S. fisheries law; Vietnamese fisheries law; Marine fisheries management; Penalties for fisheries violations; Sustainable fishing exploitation principles.

Title: U.S. Law on Sustainable Marine Fisheries Exploitation and Its Relation to the Practical Situation in Vietnam

Author: Nguyen Ba Dien, Tran Xuan Viet, Dong Thi Kim Thoa, Vu Phuong Thanh, Nguyen Thi Thu Phuong, Nguyen Thi Lien

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 375-393

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 15-November-2025

Abstract: The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of digital payment systems on the competitive advantage of commercial banks in Nairobi, Kenya. The research recognizes that Kenya’s banking sector operates in an increasingly digitalized and competitive environment, driven by fintech innovations, changing customer expectations, and technological advancement. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data collected from managers and IT specialists across top-tier banks in Nairobi. Statistical analysis using SPSS was conducted to examine the relationship between digital payment and competitive advantage. The results reveal that digital payment explain a significant proportion of the variance in competitiveness among banks. Digital payment systems showed a strong positive effects. The study concludes that while digital technologies are critical enablers of competitiveness, their effectiveness depends on complementary factors such as organizational culture, employee skills, and regulatory support. The findings provide actionable insights for banks to refine their digital systems for better market performance and offer policymakers a framework for promoting innovation while maintaining financial stability. Ultimately, the research contributes to the growing body of knowledge on digital systems in emerging economies, emphasizing its role in achieving sustainable competitive advantage in Kenya’s banking sector.

Keywords: Digital Payment, Competitive Advantage, Commercial Banks.

Title: EFFECT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT SYSTEMS ON THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NAIROBI

Author: Dianah Injendi Manyengo, Ann Omamo, Antony Sije

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 367-374

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-November-2025

Abstract: This study explored how teaching resource management practices influence the implementation of inclusive education policies in public secondary schools in Rwanda, focusing on Nyaruguru District. It specifically examined the effects of resource planning, utilization, and monitoring and evaluation (RME) on policy implementation. Adopting a descriptive research design, the study targeted 255 respondents, including students, teachers, and school leaders, from which a sample of 156 participants was selected using stratified and simple random sampling. Data were gathered through questionnaires and document analysis, and analyzed using IBM SPSS Version 21.0 with both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicated that resource planning is effectively practiced, as most school leaders (86.4%), teachers (88.5%), and students (88.5%) strongly agreed that proper planning supports inclusive education (mean = 4.87, SD = 0.56). Similarly, resource utilization was found to be effective, with strong agreement among respondents that resources are appropriately used to meet diverse learning needs (mean scores = 4.45–4.59). The study identified resource monitoring and evaluation as the most influential factor in successful policy implementation, showing a strong positive relationship (R = 0.68, R² = 0.46, F = 81.0, p < 0.001, B = 0.72, Beta = 0.68). This implies that RME practices account for 46% of the variance in the implementation of inclusive education policies. The study concludes that effective management of teaching resources significantly enhances inclusive education outcomes. It recommends that school leaders strengthen inclusive resource planning with attention to learners with disabilities, teachers pursue continuous professional development in resource use, and schools establish systematic RME frameworks. Furthermore, the government and policymakers should ensure adequate financial and logistical support to sustain inclusive education implementation in public secondary schools.

Keywords: Teaching Resources, Management Practices, Inclusive Education, Public Secondary Schools, Nyaruguru District.

Title: Teaching Resources Management Practices and Inclusive Education Policies Implementation in Public Secondary Schools in Rwanda: A Case of Nyaruguru District

Author: Twagirayezu Albert, Dr Hesbon Opiyo Andala

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 355-366

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-November-2025

Abstract: The correct attitudes of individuals regarding the coping behaviors they develop in the face of disaster events; It is determined by their disaster knowledge and preparedness and awareness against disasters. The purpose of this study is to determine the disaster preparedness and disaster awareness levels of students studying at Vocational College. The research was conducted with 126 students studying at Trakya University Keşan Vocational College. In the research, a survey form consisting of 30 questions was applied to students of Electricity, Automotive technology, Tourism and hotel management, Laboratory and veterinary health and Child development programs. The obtained data were evaluated statistically. The study concluded that although students' disaster awareness levels were high, their preparedness levels against disasters were low. The Vocational College students need to be given basic disaster awareness training.

Keywords: Disaster Preparedness, Disaster Awareness, Vocational College, Student.

Title: EVALUATION OF DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND DISASTER AWARENESS LEVELS OF VOCATIONAL COLLEGE STUDENTS

Author: Aylin Yilmaz Çetinkaya

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 13, Issue 4, October 2025 - December 2025

Page No: 346-354

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 11-November-2025