Vol 5 Issue 1 April 2017-September 2017

Abstract: Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency), also known as favism (after the fava bean), is a sex (X) linked recessive inborn defect of metabolism that predisposes to hemolysis (spontaneous destruction of red blood cells) and resultant jaundice in response to a number of triggers, such as certain foods (fava beans), illness, or medication (ascorbic acid). Common among people of Mediterranean and African origin. The condition is characterized by abnormally low levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, an enzyme involved in the pentose phosphate pathway that is especially important in the red blood cell. G6PD deficiency is the most common human enzyme condition.; it is particularly common in populations living in malaria-endemic areas. This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency in children at Vwang Village, Vom, Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria. 242 children consisting of 126(52.1%) males and 116(47.9%) females with age ranging from 1-12 years were screened for G-6-PD deficiency using the methaemoglobin reduction test. Of the 242 children screened, the overall prevalence was 52(21.5%) with 25(19.8%) males and 27(23.3%) females. The prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency was found to be high in females when compared to males, although there was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between G-6-PD deficiency in relation to gender. The highest prevalence rate of G-6-PD deficiency was observed among children in the age group of 1-4 years, however, not statistically significant (P>0.05). This study indicates a high prevalence of G-6-PD deficiency among children residing in Vwang Village, Vom, Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria.

Keywords: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency (G-6-PD), Children, Vom, Jos South, Plateau State.

Title: Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Children at Vwang Village, Vom, Jos South, Plateau State, Nigeria

Author: IHEANACHO CHARITY, ETUKA CHRISTIAN, UGWU BEN KINGSLEY, NNANNA OGBONNAYA

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Infections are more common in patients with diabetes mellitus. Increasing of infections in patients with diabetes mellitus is conditioned by an immunodepressive condition resulting from immune damage.

Objective: To give some information and correlation about diabetes mellitus and infection in diabetic patients.

Material: We have studied 30 patients with diabetes mellitus hospitalized at the service of Endocrinology in University Hospital Center, Tirane, Albania.

Method: We analyzed data collected from the above materials synthetically. Student’s t test and one-way Anova tests is used.

Results: Males were 17 patients. Study time was march-september 2015. Mean level of WBC in males resulted 13.12±4.456/mm³ compared to females 7.54±3.503/mm³ (p=0.001); mean level of hemoglobin in males was 10.88±2.205 mg/dL compared to females 12.38±1.758 mg/dL (p=0.047); mean level of urea in males was 52.41±25.162 mg/dL compared to females 33.85±16.072 mg/dL (p=0.028); mean level of creatinine in males was 1.18±0.393 mg/dL compared to females 0.92±16.072 mg/dL (p=0.048). Among the diagnosis taken in the study was noticed that mean age is 61.4+10.4 years (p=0.061), mean level of WBC is 10.7±4.9 (p=0.029), mean level of hemoglobin was 11.5±2.1 mg/dL (p=0.051), mean level of urea was 44.4±23.3 mg/dL (p=0.006), mean level of creatinine is 1.1±0.4 mg/dL (p=0.00).

Conclusions: Soft tissue infections are the most common complication in patients with diabetes mellitus. From the study it was noticed that among gender there are changes in leukocytes, hgb, urea and creatinine. Among the diagnosis taken in the study resulted changes in age, leukocytes, hgb, urea and creatinine.

Keywords: Infections, diabetes mellitus, leukocytes, hemoglobin.

Title: Infections in Immunocompromised Patients from Diabetes Mellitus

Author: Esi Duka, Edmond Puca, Najada Çomo, Pellumb Pipero, Arjan Harxhi, Ilir Akshija, Margarita Resuli, Dhimiter Kraja

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness of counselling on anxiety among pre-operative and post-operative patients undergoing abdominal surgery. The sample comprised of 40 patients divided into two groups experimental group 20 & control group 20. Speilbergers state anxiety inventory was used to collect data. ‘t’ value & Anova was calculated for the comparison of pretest and post-test. State anxiety score of experimental and control group of patients. Results showed that there was marked difference in pre-test and post-test state anxiety scores of patients in experimental group where as in control group there was a statistically significant difference between pre-test and post-test scores. However no significant effect was found in control group. However no significant effect was found according to age, educational qualification, religion, technique of surgery & income support system on pre-test anxiety scores of patients in both experimental and control group.

Keywords: counselling, pre-operative, post-operative, abdominal surgery, patients.

Title: A Quasi Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Counselling on Anxiety among Pre-Operative and Post-Operative Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgery in Christian Medical College and Hospital Ludhiana Punjab

Author: Neeraj gill

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: This review was conducted to address and discuss the roles of family physicians in diagnosis and management of hypertensive patients, through variant procedures and gridlines worldwide. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, and Google scholar for relevant articles published up to, June, 2017. Hypertension is the First threat factor for mortality in the world1 and also an important danger variable for heart disease as well as stroke. Hypertension is usually diagnosed as well as managed in the outpatient setting and also is just one of one of the most common reasons to visit a family doctor. With virtually a quarter of the adult population and also nearly fifty percent of individuals aged 50 years as well as older having hypertension, the problem of this illness is without a doubt high. As treatment of high blood pressure is associated with a 20% to 25% reduction in cardiovascular occasions, getting control of this usually asymptomatic disease might be one of the most vital safety nets that family physicians can take.

Keywords: family physicians, Hypertension, treatment, family doctor.

Title: Roles of Family Physicians in Management and Control of Hypertension Review

Author: Zahra Ali Almunian, Amal Abbas Almarzooq, Ahlam Ali Alammar, Bothaina Jawad Alyousif, Zainab Mohammed Alhashmi, Habbab mansour Alkhonaizi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: There are not many similar studies discussing the management of anemia in primary setting by family physicians. Therefore, we conducted this review to assess the strategies and programs targeting the patients suffering anemia from any type, and the patient’s management procedures that are available in primary care setting. Comprehensive review was conducted using electronic medical databases such as; Medline, PubMed, Embase, Search strategies were targeting all studies discussing Anemia in primary care, (Management, diagnosis, causes, and prevalence) published up to June, 2017. More than 100 conditions may cause anemia, yet 90% belong to three groups: nutritional shortages (iron, vitamin B12 and also folic acid), ACD (chronic swelling, lumps), as well as blood loss (leaving out chronic bleeding, which creates iron deficiency). Hemolytic anemia, although much less regular than the various other, is the last choice before considering the medical diagnosis of unusual illness. A couple of laboratory examinations, such as blood count, ESR, product ferritin, and product iron and also transferrin, are sufficient to focus the medical diagnosis. Management of iron deficiency anemia in family practice would be performed under based evidence guidelines, that could help family physicians to improve the quality of treatment provided to those patients with anemia.

Keywords: Proper Management of Anemia, Iron Deficiency Anemia, ACD (chronic swelling lumps).

Title: Proper Management of Anemia (Iron Deficiency Anemia) in Primary Care with Family Physicians, Review

Author: Eidah Mohammed Alahmari, Fatimah Ali Awad Alwadei, Ghadah Ali A Algadda

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences  

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Current study aiming to overview the Dry eye disease (DED) in clinical perspectives, through discussing the etiology and risk factors of DED, and most importantly was to review the diagnostic procedures used in DED diagnosis and proper treatment approaches. We conducted the literature search in following electronic database MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, for published studies up to March, 2017. We have included most evidence based articles which were discussing the Dry eye disease (DED) treatment, diagnosis, etiology and any clinical association to DED. The therapy of dry eye has actually advanced from tear substitution alone to a reasonably based restorative formula. If the signs and symptoms are moderate, artificial tears of different kinds are advised. Cover health is valuable in the therapy of hyperevaporative dry eye, while collagen or silicon plugs can be utilized for partial occlusion of the efferent lacrimal ducts to treat severe hyposecretory dry eye.

Keywords: Dry eye disease (DED), treatment, diagnosis, Dry Eye Syndrome.

Title: Diagnosis of Dry Eye Syndrome and Treatment Options, Overview

Author: Ibtihal Ali M Altalhi

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The objective of this article was to review the current literature covering composite veneers and their uses in the main there following branches; (restorative dentistry, prosthodontics, and endodontics). A comprehensive review of the literature was conducted through electronic databases such as; PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google scholar, searching evidence for restoration treatment using composite veneers in prosthodontics and endodontics published up to July, 2017. In former aesthetic issues it's essential to comprehend the etiology of the discoloration: in the case provided the harsh products of the busted instrument inside the canal were the source of the grey look of the left exceptional incisor. A multidisciplinary method is to think about it required to fix the trouble: in the beginning endodontic retreatment, successively bleaching and coronal restoration. In order to establish both useful and also aesthetic integrity, composite laminate veneers should be considered in the majority of situations of corrective dentistry. Additionally, taking into consideration even more resistance and also compressive toughness than ceramics and similar abrasion prices compared to all-natural tooth structures, straight composite laminate veneer restorations were thought about.

Keywords: Composite Veneers in Restorative Dentistry, Prosthodontics, and Endodontics.

Title: Composite Veneers in Restorative Dentistry, Prosthodontics, and Endodontics

Author: Anwaar Muhamadsaleh A Alruhaili, Alaa Sami W Alfalastini, Bahia Hani Abdullah Al Sayed, Elaf Emad Madany Ashgan, Lujain Atiyah Mohammed Imam, Lujain Faisal Mohammed Joharji, Malak Lutfi Mohammed Alqudsi, Sarah Abed A Aljadani, Shahad Tariq Ismail Kutub Aldin

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Gastric cancer (GC) and Colonic Rectal Cancers, (CRC are among the frequent cancers today, most of them are adenocarcinomas. The occurrence of the GC metastasizing to the CRC is rare and the metastasizing of CRC to GC is even worse in being rare. The other issue about these cancers is the occurrence of Synchronous or Metachronous development in the GC or in the CRC. It is always a challenge to know what really is happening in the patient. We present MS a Male 43 years who developed a GC and a CRC at the same time. Our challenge was to arrive at a diagnosis at what really happened to him.

Keywords: CRC, GC, Metachronous, Metastasizing, Synchronous, SRA.

Title: Occurrence of a Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma in the Gastrium and Rectum at the Same Time: A Case Presentation

Author: Duncan D Mugala, Mwila D. Kasoma, Felix Chibwe, Katepa Chisanga

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Caesarean section (CS) is a surgical approach used to deliver the baby when vaginal delivery has failed. An incision is made on the mother’s abdomen, through the uterus to enable the extraction of the baby. The current study was carried out to determine the association between socio-demographic characteristics and uptake of caesarean section among mothers at a private tertiary health care facility in Nairobi, using cross-sectional study design. Census method was utilized to sample the study respondents. The study involved six doctors, 23 midwives and 68 mothers. Results of the study showed that area of residence had no significant relationship to the choice of C/S as a mode of delivery. The study also demonstrated a significant relationship between university level of education and preference of CS as a mode of delivery (p=0.042, x2=1.3). Being single demonstrated a significant relationship to the preference of C/S as a mode of delivery (p=0.038,x2=.400). Also, being in a formal employment, had a significant relationship to the uptake of caesarean section as a mode of delivery (p=0.034,x2=5.8). Similarly, there was a significant relationship between the respondents who earned 40,000 to 60,000 (Kenya shillings) and the uptake of caesarean section as a mode of delivery (p=0.037,x2=2.56). However, there was no significant relationship between being married and the uptake of C/S as a mode of delivery (p=0.459,x2=4.942 for married, p=0.695,x2=2.835 for divorced/separated). 

Keywords: Uptake, Caesarean section, Mode of delivery, Socio-demographic, Characteristics.

Title: Association between Socio-Demographic Characteristics and Uptake of Caesarian Section among Mothers at a Private Tertiary Health Care Facility in Nairobi Kenya

Author: Bernard W. Mbithi, Antony W. Mathulu, Margaret Thagicu

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Ever since dentistry has been evolved dental biomaterials play very important role in every stage of dental treatment. In order to achieve precision and accuracy and to provide high end treatment continuous efforts have been made to introduce newer biomaterials and advances are made in the existing materials. This articles gives a brief description about the biomaterials used now days in dentistry.

Keywords: Amalgams, Zinc phosphate cement, Aluminum oxide ceramics, Pure Titanium (CpTi).

Title: Biomaterials in Oral Rehabilitation

Author: Dr. Renu Gupta, Dr. RP Luthra, Dr. Akrant Mehra

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Water borne diseases are cause for the deaths of millions of people every year. In developing countries four-fifth of all the illnesses are caused by water borne diseases. Diarrhoea, cholera and typhoid are among the most common water borne diseases. The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice regarding water borne disease.The research approach adopted for this study was descriptive survey and research design was correlational in nature. Methodology: A descriptive design was used to assess the knowledge and practice regarding water borne disease and its prevention. The sample consisted of 300 mothers of under five children. Purposive sampling technique was used for the selection of samples. The instrument for the data collection was a structured interview schedule and self -expressed rating scale. Part A: Consist of socio-demographic data, Part B: Consist of 30 items (structured questionnaire) to assess the knowledge regarding water borne disease & Part C: Consist of self -expressed rating scale. Results: Data gathered were analysed and interpreted in the light of objectives and hypotheses using descriptive and inferential ststistics.The result showed that out of 300 respondents 82(27%) of mothers are in age group of 18-24 years who were having under five children,244(81%), belong to Hindu religion,62(21%) went to middle education,98((33%) were not working ,171(57%) belong to nuclear family and 90(30%) having family income per month Rs 10,001-15,000/.Regarding the assessment of knowledge and practice score, mean knowledge score was 10.97 and mean practice score was 31.27.The score showed that 160(53.33%) were having poor knowledge but practice score indicated that 282(94%) were having good practices. The correlation between knowledge and practice scores showed not significant. Findings related to association of knowledge with selected demographic variables that had significant association with education at 0.05 level of significance. Findings related to association of practice with selected demographic variables showed that it had significant association with type of family and family income at 0.50 level of significance. Conclusion: From the data collected and analysis it can be concluded that there exists poor knowledge deficit on water borne disease and its prevention but good practices were found amongst the mothers. So to update and improve their awareness regarding the water borne disease and its prevention, an health education programmed was planned and organized.

Keywords: Water borne diseases, Diarrhoea, Under five children, Knowledge, Practice, Cholera, Typhoid, Mothers.

Title: A Correlational Study to Assess the Knowledge and Practice Regarding Water Borne Diseases and Its Prevention Among Mothers with a View to Conduct a Health Education Programme at Selected PHC of Gurgaon

Author: Ms Sharmila, Prof Parnati Barua, Ms Minu Joseph

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: The goal of the National Family Planning Board (NFPB) is that, all Jamaicans achieve optimal sexual and reproductive health. In addition, one of NFPB’s strategic outcomes involves improving contraceptive commodity security which refers to the increased access to contraceptive methods for all persons regardless of age and sexual orientation. To achieve this strategic outcome, permanent, long-term and short-term contraceptive methods have been promoted for women who wish to discontinue or delay childbearing. To ascertain the success of this contraceptive method, the NFPB has been seeking to monitor the number of acceptors of sterilization through the Hospital Monthly Summary Report (HMSR) and the sterilization data collected from The Victoria Jubilee Hospital (VJH) in Jamaica.

This research paper is a comprehensive documentation of the female sterilization procedures collected from the VJH during the period January 2008 to December 2014. The results of the study showed that most women accepted sterilization between the ages of 30-39 and waited until they had between three and five children.

Keywords: Hospital Monthly Summary Report (HMSR), Victoria Jubilee Hospital (VJH), National Family Planning Board (NFPB).

Title: The Incidence of Female Sterilization in a Selected Public Hospital in Jamaica

Author: Damion Grant, Tazhmoye Crawford, Dorrett McLean

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Postoperative lung problems (PPC) prevail, severe conditions highly associated with an increased morbidity after major non-cardiac surgery.1 In fact the incidence of PPC is very just like the incidence of cardiovascular complications in patients going through non-cardiac surgery and greatly adds to increase postoperative length of hospital stay and costs. Pay Per Click have actually been extensively specified as pneumonia, aspiration pneumonitis, respiratory tract infection, respiratory failure, atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, bronchospasm and so on . Database searches yielded a total of 6 229 articles. Excluding 5870 non-pertinent titles or abstracts, we recovered in total form and assessed 359 studies according to the selection criteria. Due to the fact that of our prespecified exemption requirements, one hundred forty-six research studies were further left out.Despite several studies on long-term and short outcome after open abdominal aortic surgery have been published so far, few of them focused on PPC. Moreover, most of published literature didn't concentrate on the identification and classification of PPC, since "unspecified respiratory complications" was the largest reported category, incredibly accounting for 48,412 events (22.9% of patients), while pneumonia only for 4598 events (7.6% of patients).

Nonetheless, literature clearly shows that incidence of PPC after open abdominal aortic surgery is extremely high and strongly contributes to increase postoperative morbidity and mortality of patients undergoing vascular surgery procedures.

The aim of this systematic review was to obtain a photo of the real incidence of PPC after open abdominal aortic surgery and the effect on survival.

Keywords: Postoperative lung problems (PPC), abdominal aortic surgery.

Title: Updated Review of Pulmonary Complications after Aortic Surgery: Systematic Review

Author: ALSULAIMI, ABDULLAH MATAR M, ALSHAMRANI, MOHAMMED DAIL A

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Analysis of volatile metabolites in a normal or healthy human breath was successfully carried out using a novel approach with an analytical technique that is reproducible and highly sensitive. The goal of this preliminary study was to determine whether in normal human breath intra-individual variation exist in volatile organic compound profiles. Active SPME GCMS was successfully employed to achieve the goal of this study. The results obtained indicate that in breath analysis there is significant natural intra-individual variation in VOCs profiles. Several compounds were detected in all samples collected throughout the day, however, only few were consistently present. Small peak areas from the chromatograms indicate that many of the VOCs in the breath were present in trace concentrations. In male breath, the number of VOCs detected was higher in morning (8a.m) samples and decreased throughout the day whiles in female; the afternoon (2 p.m) samples contained the greater number of VOCs. The chemicals, dimethyl ether, D-limonene, and isopropyl alcohol were present consistently in male breath with D-limonene and isopropyl alcohol present at low concentrations. A high relative standard deviation (0.17-0.72) in VOCs peak areas is an indication that concentration of these compounds changed significantly throughout a typical day. The change in concentrations of dimethyl ether throughout the day was not consistent but that of D-limonene decreased throughout the day whiles that of isopropyl alcohol was high in the morning and remained fairly constant for the rest of the day.

Keywords: Metabolites, reproducible, sensitive, intra-individual, VOCs, active SPME GCMS, chromatograms, relative standard deviation.

Title: Variation in Volatile Organic Compound Content in Normal Human Breath

Author: Lord Famiyeh, Todd Mlsna

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences   

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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Abstract: Public consumption of energy drinks has greatly increased over the past decade with the majority of users being adolescents and adults less than 35 years of age.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of energy drink consumption and its consumption pattern among adolescent students.

Materials and methods: It was a cross sectional study. Five intermediate and secondary schools were chosen from different sectors in Riyadh city. Sample size was 300 adolescents. Data was collected using a self administered questionnaire included data evaluating attitude towards ED and its consumption pattern.

Results: Prevalence of ED consumption among adolescents in KSA was 80% and 48% of them used to consume one can or more/day. The most reported factor related to selection of a particular energy drink product was taste. To feel refreshed was the first reason of ED consumption followed by peer pressure. The most motivating advertisements to consume ED were that on TV. Males had more positive attitude towards consuming ED than females. Factors predicting healthy behavior restricting ED consumption were negative attitude towards ED and decreased number of friends consuming ED.

Conclusion: Majority of adolescents in KSA used to consume energy drinks and about half of them used to consume one can or more/day. The attitude of adolescents towards energy drinks was in the positive way especially in males.

Recommendations: Health education campaign should be directed to adolescents in KSA concerning ED and their possible health effects.

Keywords: Adolescents, energy drinks, attitude, consumption pattern.

Title: Assessment of Attitude Towards Energy Drink and Its Consumption Pattern Among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia

Author: Samira M. Mahboub, Tahani S. Al Malki, Bashayer A. Al Malki

International Journal of Healthcare Sciences 

ISSN 2348-5728 (Online)

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