Vol 7 Issue 2 October 2019-March 2020

Abstract: The current study sought to assess the effect of macro-economic factors on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. The investigation explicitly assessed the implications of CBK rate, money supply, exchange rate and inflation on financial performance of commercial banks in Kenya. This research was based on Interest Rate Parity Theory, Quantity Theory of Money and Agency Theory. The examination adopted causal design of research. Research target population was Kenyan banks for the period of study (2012 to 2016) which are 40 in total. The research results showed that CBK Rate had an inverse considerable consequence on banks’ -performance in Kenya. Secondly, it was found that money supply had a positive momentous consequence on banks’ performance in the context of Kenya. Thirdly, the outcomes from the regression analysis point to the fact that inflation had an inverse and immaterial influence on bank performance. Finally, the results of the investigation showed that exchange rate has a positive non-significant influence on banks’ perf0rmance. The recommendation from the examination was that Kenya’s Central Bank ought to be cautious in setting the base rate, it should be go lower rather than higher as this impacts negatively on bank performance. Also, the study recommended that the government of Kenya through the apex regulatory body should ensure adequate money supply in the country’s economy as higher supply results in better performance of banks.

Keywords: Central Bank Rate, Money Supply, Inflation, Exchange rate Financial Performance, Commercial Banks.

Title: MACRO-ECONOMIC FACTORS AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN KENYA

Author: SAMUEL OMBOKE NYABUTE, DANIEL MAKORI

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study investigated the potentiality of using a police mascot as an image-changer among policemen. The results of the study will then be used as a basis for uplifting the image of the policemen among different multi-sectoral groups in Kawit, Cavite, Cavite. Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions: (1) what is the demographic profile of the participants in terms of sex and sector belonged; (2) what is the perception of the general public toward the use of a police mascot in terms of perceived usefulness and attitude; (3). what is the most acceptable feature of the police mascot as per the participants; and (4) what plans and/or programs of the Philippine National Police needs to be improved and addressed so that the image building using police mascot can be integrated and make it a component of existing PNP core values? The findings of the study were: 1. 160 participants or 53.33 percent were female and 140 or 46.67 percent are male. On the other hand, the multi-sectoral group that participated more in this study are students (33.33%), followed by entrepreneurs (28.33%), then the working professionals (21.67%), and government employees (16.67); 2. 300 of the participants thinks that the idea is worth pursuing. 280 (93.33%) thinks that the town could possibly adapt this idea but 20 (6.67%) thinks that the majority of the participants were resistant to change and are wedged on their traditions; 3. Perceived value (with  =4.48 and sd=0.48) and attitude (with  =4.25 and sd=0.57) and is interpreted with very high level of acceptance; and 4. 140 of the participants would like the police mascot be more realistic (50%) and 135 wanted it to be more cartoony (48.21%). On the other hand, the participants wanted the police mascot to have a friendly and charming personality (61.43%). Also, majority of the participants wanted her to have an average type of body (64.29%) wearing a tourist police uniform (90.71%).

Keywords: Police mascot, Patrolman Emilio, Philippine National Police, Guerrilla Marketing.

Title: Patrolman Emilio Mascot: A Guerrilla Marketing Strategy to Uplift the Image of the Policemen

Author: Vincent C. Cortiñas, Catty Lea Gamo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study tried to determine leadership style of academic deans in LPU Cavite as perceived by academic deans themselves and its faculty; the level of the faculty’s commitment to service quality as perceived by the academic deans and the faculty themselves in terms of organization, customer, work; and career. It also revealed the significant difference in the perception of the academic deans and faculty members with the leadership style of the academic deans, as well as the commitment of the faculty as perceived by the deans and the faculty themselves; if there is an association between leadership style of the academic deans and commitment of the faculty to service quality; and it also propose a service quality model for effective service delivery based on the findings of the study. The findings of the study confirmed that the leadership style of the academic deans as perceived by the academic deans themselves and the regular faculty member is participative leadership style, hence, there is no significant relationship. Conversely, there is a very high level of organizational and customer commitment of the faculty as perceived by both of the participants, likewise work and career commitment is in a high level. Furthermore, there is a significant relationship in terms of organizational commitment. On the other hand, only work commitment has a significant association with leadership styles. Moreover, a proposed model for an effective delivery through leadership style was made based on the correlation of the variables studied.

Keywords: Leadership style, academic deans, faculty commitment to service quality, internal marketing.

Title: Leadership Styles of LPU Cavite Academic Deans and Commitment of the Faculty to Service Quality: Basis for a Proposed Internal Marketing Model

Author: Vincent C. Cortiñas

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research aims to look at the acceptability of rabbit meat as an alternative meat source at Amadeo, Cavite. Specifically, this research would like to identify the following: 1.) Demographic profile of the respondents; 2.) Level of acceptability of the respondents on rabbit meat in terms of taste , price, nutritional value and culture; and 3.) Relationship of the respondent’s demographic profile and its level of acceptability on rabbit meat as alternative meat source. In order to see the general picture, a total of 100 self-made survey questionnaires were used. The first part was the demographic profile of the respondents and the second part is their perception on the acceptability of rabbit meat as alternative source for consumption. The study also used purposive sampling in determining the samples of the study. Local residents of Amadeo, Cavite were the respondents of the study.

Based on the results, the taste of rabbit meat is acceptable to respondents and thus there is a great potential to commercialize rabbit meat in Amadeo Cavite. It is recommended that breeders of rabbit meat should continuously educate the public on rabbit meat consumption through advertisements on social media focusing on the different ways on how to cook the rabbit meat into different cuisines. They can also organize an annual event that will encourage people to try on rabbit meat. The need for consumer information especially on health benefits of rabbit meat is crucial in eradicating negative notions on eating rabbit meat.

Keywords: Acceptability, Amadeo, Cavite, Rabbit meat, Breeders, Consumption.

Title: Acceptability of Rabbit as an alternative meat source for consumption in Amadeo, Cavite

Author: Vincent Adique; Karlo Camingay; Junn Karlo De Asis; Rexieden N. Barrera; Anthony I. Samac

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Service delivery is a key responsibility of any government to its citizens. County governments are better placed to provide services to the citizens at the local level. The county government’s strategic plan outlines its strategy to provide quality services. However, complains on the quality of services provided are common among the citizens. The objective of this study is to analyze the moderating effect of entrepreneurial orientation on the relationship between strategy implementation and service delivery in county governments. The data was collected using questionnaires and interview schedule from a sample of 180 employees selected by stratified sampling. The data was analyzed by correlation and regression analysis. The study revealed that entrepreneurial orientation moderated the relationship between strategy implementation and service delivery by increasing the contribution of strategy implementation to service delivery by 6%.  Regression analysis revealed that the moderating effect was statistically significant.

Keywords: Strategy implementation, Service delivery, Entrepreneurial orientation.

Title: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL ORIENTATION ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION AND SERVICE DELIVERY IN COUNTY GOVERNMENTS IN NORTH RIFT, KENYA

Author: Kolil Simon, Ondiek B. Alala, Manyasi Janet

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract:  Firm Value is the investor's perception of the company's success rate that is often associated with stock prices. High stock prices make Firm Value also high, and increase market confidence not only in the company's current performance, but also in the company's future prospects, which can be measured by profitability and liquidity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of profitability and liquidity on Firm Value with Capital Structure as a mediating variable in 2014-2017. The study population includes all sea transportation companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2014-2017 period. The sampling method used is the purposive sampling method, namely the determination of the sample using certain considerations in selecting the sample. The research population data were 41 companies and obtained a sample of 20 companies. Based on the results of the analysis, it was found that profitability had a negative and not significant effect on firm value. Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on firm value. Capital Structure has a negative and significant effect on firm value. Profitability has a negative and not significant effect on capital structure. Liquidity has a positive and significant effect on capital structure. Profitability has an indirect and insignificant influence on Firm Value when mediated by capital structure, liquidity has an indirect and insignificant influence on firm value when mediated by capital structure.

Keywords: Profitability, Liquidity, Firm Value, dan Capital Structure.

Title: The Role of Capital Structure Mediated the Effect of Profitability and Liquidity on Firm Value in 2014-2017

Author: Krisma Deana, I Putu Yadnya

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The study assessed the effect of strategic management practices on performance of Insurance firms in Kenya. The specific research objectives were to examine the effects of environmental analysis on organizational performance of insurance firms; to find out the effects of strategy evaluation on organizational performance of insurance firms; to establish the extent to which strategy formulation enhances organizational performance of insurance firms, and to find out the relationship between implementation of strategies and organizational performance of insurance firms. The study adopted a descriptive research design. The population of the study was 51 insurance firms in Kenya which are licensed with Insurance Regulatory Authority. A complete census was carried out due to the small size of the population; hence the sample size was equal to the population size of 51 licensed Insurance firms located in Kenya. An equal number of respondents, 5, was drawn from each of the 51 insurance firms in Kenya, generating a total sample size of two hundred and fifty-five 255. Data was collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. IBM SPSS 23 was used to compute for descriptive analysis which was performed for the dependent variable; organizational performance, independent variables environmental analysis, strategic evaluation, strategic formulation, strategy implementation. The study found that the companies did not routinely carry out SWOT analysis and were not competent in conducting SWOT analysis. The companies have only moderately prioritized PESTEL analysis and recognized its importance to effective operations management. The companies had vision statements that vision was relevant to the company and its activities. Regression results indicated a statistically significant relationship between environmental analysis, strategic formulation, strategy implementation and strategic evaluation on organizational performance. The study recommends greater prioritization of environmental scanning and assessment in establishing the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the internal and external environment. The study also recommends improved strategic evaluation by linking practices to outcomes, and assessing strengths and weaknesses to determine the kinds of information needed to correct deficiencies and enhance continuous improvement of performance. Policies should be put in place to facilitate the sharing of suggestions for the development of vision, mission, and strategic objectives across all hierarchies in the organization. There is need for managers to give direction and supervision through different phases of strategy implementation.

Keywords: Strategic Management Practices, Environmental Analysis, Strategic Evaluation, Strategy formulation, Strategy implementation, Organizational performance.

Title: EFFECT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF INSURANCE FIRMS IN KENYA

Author: EMMA AKINYI ONYANGO, Dr. MARY MWANZIA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: In order to support service marketing communication optimally, a comprehensive marketing activity needs to be carried out. Internal Marketing is an internal marketing communication activity by seeing employees as consumers. Internal Marketing is the premise, to be able to provide high quality services, employees must first understand the company's objectives which delivered through internal marketing communications. The subjects of this study were employees of the Universitas Udayana Hospital as internal responders of service providers, and outpatients at Universitas Udayana Hospital as external respondents who received outpatients health services. The sampling technique used in this study is non probability judgmental sampling with a total sample of 140 internal respondents and 140 external respondents. Model testing is carried out using SEM (Structural Equation Modelling). The results of testing hypotheses through statistics show that all the effects of variable relationships in this study show a positive and significant effect. Servqual and Trust have a partial role mediating the influence of Internal Marketing with Loyalty. The better the implementation of Internal Marketing, the better is Servqual and Trust, which directly increases the Outpatient Loyalty at Udayana University Hospital. The theoretical implications of the results of this study can complement the marketing literature and will add new knowledge about evaluating the influence of a variable based on the relationship value of the four variables examined in this study (Internal Marketing, Servqual, Trust and Loyalty). The practical implications of this study can be considered by Universitas Udayana Hospital Management in decision making. This research has helped strengthen research that has been done previously by other researchers.

Keywords: Internal Marketing, Servqual, Trust, and Loyalty.

Title: The Role of Servqual and Trust on Mediating Internal Marketing Relationship with Outpatient Loyalty at Udayana University Hospital

Author: I Gede Wahyu Cahya Kusuma, Ketut Rahyuda

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research paper examines the U.S. -China financial relationship which has reached a important juncture. During the last year, the U.S imposed tariffs on $250 billion worth on Chinese imports and China has retaliated, raising tariffs on U.S. exports. At the G-20 leaders’ summit in November 2018, Presidents Trump and Xi agreed to remedy the trade dispute within 90 days—through March 1, 2019, even though this cut-off date has been lately extended.

The U.S. worries that underpin these bilateral tensions stem from unique practices endemic to China’s financial model that systematically tilt the field  to favor of Chinese corporations regionally and globally. Development on specific trade issues would require China to conform with its world trade organization (WTO) commitments and to make sure reforms will touch on areas of state control over the economy.

In addition, new trade rules are needed to address China’s economic practices not covered by its WTO commitments, including in areas such as state-owned enterprises (SOEs), certain subsidies, and digital trade. These issues also come at a time of increasing U.S. concern over the national security risks China presents, particularly with respect to technology access.

Despite the challenges the U.S. has had at the WTO, the WTO should be central to resolving U.S.-China trade tensions. From this perspective, we outline a multipronged strategy, including bilateral, multilateral, and unilateral actions, as well as working with allies, that together would constitute positive next steps for this critical economic relationship. In taking this multifaceted approach, the U.S. also needs to stay true to its values and not accept short-term gains or “fig leaf” deals. In particular, creating a managed trade relationship with China would not be a constructive outcome. The resulting deal should address the real issues at hand in a free market manner and strengthen the multilateral global trading system and rule of law that the U.S. has championed in the post-World War II era.

All of these matters underscore the complexity of U.S.-China bilateral negotiations as well as the stakes at play. Resolving U.S.-China differences in a meaningful way will take time.

Keywords: U.S. -China financial, world trade organization (WTO), Economic Relationship.

Title: THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA AND CHINA’S TRADE AND ECONOMIC RELATIONSHIP: A RISK MANAGEMENT SOLUTION BASED APPROACH

Author: MAYOWA OMOSA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of brand image on perceived price, perceived value, trust and repurchase intention and the role of perceived price, perceived value and repurchase intention mediate the relationship between brand image and repurchase intention. This research uses quantitative data types that are analyzed associatively. The sampling technique in this study was purposive sampling, with a total sample of 130 respondents. Data collection techniques in the form of distributing questionnaires to Traveloka customers in Bali. The data analysis tool used is AMOS ver. 24. The results of this study indicate that brand image has a positive and significant effect on perceived price, perceived value, trust and repurchase intention. In addition, perceived price, perceived value and repurchase intention partially mediate the relationship between brand image and repurchase intention. The practical implication of this research is that this research can be used as a model for evaluating strategies on Traveloka's brand image, perceived price, perceived value, trust and repurchase intention. The theoretical implication of this research is that this research can complement the marketing literature and will add new knowledge about evaluating the influence of a variable on other variables based on the strength of the value of the five-variable relationship model (brand image, perceived price, perceived value, trust and repurchase intention) in business flight ticket sales online through Traveloka and reinforce previous research.

Keywords: brand image, price received by customers, benefits received by customers, trust and repurchase intention.

Title: THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED PRICE, PERCEIVED VALUE, AND TRUST IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF BRAND IMAGE ON REPURCHASE INTENTION FOR AIRCRAFT TICKETS ONLINE

Author: Puput Widyawati, I Ketut Rahyuda

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: The exponential boom of the Chinese economy in the past decade and its potential for sturdy increase into the foreseeable future has precipitated anxieties within the rest of the world. Some commentators see Chinese boom fully in terms of opposition for exchange and funding possibilities with different growing economies and a prime cause of structural changes inside the superior industrialized economies. In particular there were warnings of intense consequences for global agricultural markets. In this paper we use Chinese listed corporations to measure the sustainability of China’s rapid increase through the estimation of industry total component productivity. This paper assesses the productiveness of the China’s corporate quarter to gauge the sustainability of financial boom in China. As shown in figure 1(1), the China’s financial system grew hastily at higher than 10 percent annually on average from the Nineties to the worldwide financial crisis. even though the growth charge has declined to the unmarried digit level because the disaster, the chinese financial system is still main the sector economy, growing at a better fee than that of the arena economic system.1 The growth prospect of the chinese financial system has giant implications for the worldwide financial system. Till recently, monetary boom in China have been driven with the aid of rapid developing TFP and capital accumulation.

This model captures now not simplest the composition of the direct exchange influences of traits in the China’s economic system however additionally the results of the endogenous flows of financial capital on macroeconomic adjustment within the global financial system.

Keywords: Chinese economy, China’s financial system, global agricultural markets, global financial system.

Title: CHINA’S RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH: EXAMINING EVIDENCE BASED MICRO LEVEL DATA

Author: MAYOWA OMOSA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This study examines financial challenges of SMEs: evidence from State house Slums, Hargeisa, and Maroodi jeex region. Specifically the study provides empirical evidence on: socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents; sources and difficult of SMEs accessing financing; factors militating against SMEs performance. The researcher distributed 324 questionnaires to the respondents that make up the sample size.

Somaliland’s biggest income and employment generator is SMEs sector. Most of them deal in clothes, food, agricultural products, consumables, gold, beverages, fruits, transport and small scale manufacturing and processing. One of the biggest problems affecting the development of SMEs in Somaliland’s is inadequate access to finance.

The two- Islamic banks banking system in Somaliland  has been reducing exposure to SMEs over the past few years, primarily due to macroeconomic factors and the SMEs’ poor business conditions, which make lending to them a risky proposition.

Access to finance is a major issue for SMEs in Somaliland; Most of SMEs are underserved if not un-served. Religious belief is a key reason hindering SMEs from opting for conventional banking financing. This type of sentiment has been growing stronger, especially over the past years. Although these SMEs are creditworthy, they are excluded from accessing funding from banks as Shariah-compliant products are either not available or not properly understood by these SMEs or involve lengthy processes, making the execution of Islamic transactions cumbersome. Somaliland’s SME sector has a positive attitude toward Islamic than Conventional banking as people are becoming more sensitized to its benefits. However, numerous factors deter SMEs from approaching formal institutions for finance. A hybrid economic system is likely to appropriately work for SMEs in developing countries.

Keywords: Islamic and conventional banking systems, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), Challenges, State House Slums, Accessing business loans, Hargeisa and Somaliland.

Title: Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) Challenges in Accessing business loans from Islamic banks: A Comparative Case Study of SMEs in State House Slums, Hargeisa Somaliland

Author: Phillemon Landy Tubei, Tracy Wekaya Tubei

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Governments in both developed and developing countries require revenue to finance their expenditures. Sustainable revenue collection is necessary in promoting efficiency in the service delivery and economic development of county governments. For effective mobilization of revenue, there is the need to put in place strong internal controls. This study intended to establish the effect of risk assessment on sustainable revenue collection in Embu county government. The study was supported by the theory of planned behavior. A cross sectional research design was adopted. The target population of the study was 115 employees from revenue department, 62 from finance and accounting department and 38 from internal audit department adding to a total of 215 employees. The sample size included 75 employees from revenue department, 40 from finance and accounting department and 25 from internal audit department adding to a total of 140 employees who were sampled based on stratified random sampling and simple random sampling. The study used primary data which was collected using semi structured questionnaires. Both content validity and construct validity was adopted in this study. Internal consistency reliability was measured using cronbach alpha coefficient. Data collected was analyzed using statistical package for social sciences version 24. Descriptive statistics used included means, frequencies, percentages and standard deviation. Inferential statistics was Pearson’s product moment of correlation and multiple regression analysis. The study established that risk assessment has a positive and significant effect on sustainable revenue collection in Embu county government, Kenya (β=0.052; P< 0.05). This study recommends the establishment of risk assessment techniques in county governments since internal controls enhances sustainable revenue collection. The study will be of great benefit to policy makers of Embu county government in development of policies on sustainable revenue collection. Further, it will provide empirical evidence on revenue collection especially in Kenyan perspective.

Keywords: Sustainable revenue collection, Internal Controls, Risk Assessment.

Title: Effect of Risk Assessment on Sustainable Revenue Collection in Embu County Government, Kenya

Author: Johnson Mugendi Kariuki, Kennedy B. Mwengei Ombaba

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: This research examines how independent variables (perceived usefulness, accessibility, perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness  ) have direct empirical links with intention of use of Internet banking (IB) among 200 small and medium-sized companies in Yemen. Furthermore, the study defines the importance of the intention, in terms of accessibility, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use, to using the IB as a plausible mediator in the connection between independent variable and the intention of utilizing the internet-bank rate (IB). The analysis of collected information used the Structural Equation Modeling for Partial Least Squares (PLS-SEM). In addition, knowledge has proven to be important variables in mediating relations between availability and perceived ease of use as well as the intention of using IB among small and medium-sized enterprises owners. Awareness in the relationship was a negative mediator between availability and easy-to-use perceived among owners of SMEs. In creating IB among SMEs in Yemen there is a particular importance to the connection between knowledge, (reception, perceived utility, easy use) and intention to use IB. The theoretical and practical consequences were discussed on the basis of study results. Limits and suggestions have also been identified for future studies.

Keywords: E-banking; Technology acceptance model, Accessibility Factor.

Title: How awareness affect Yemeni’s SMEs intention use of internet banking

Author: MAZEN MOHAMMED FAREA, MOHAMMAD MOHAMMAD ALZUBI, Yaser Mutahar

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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Abstract: Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction should be a matter of concern of all public and private organization and fulfilling such important goal starts with the offered service quality which must be understood in order to offer the expected services. Accordingly the main purpose of this study theoretically is finding out how applicable the service quality model is in the context of the electronic management services offered by the Immigration and Passport Office in Aden and its impact on the satisfaction of its beneficiaries. A questionnaire consisted 28 items was adapted from two previous studies. It was distributed using a purposive sampling technique to 271 citizens of Aden city, however only 175 questionnaires were returned and used in the analysis of this study using SPSS version 22. From the analysis carried out using mainly regression analysis, it was found out that, the service quality model was good. A statistically significant relationship was established between service quality and customer satisfaction and this relationship was found to be strong. The results of the study suggest that Immigration and Passport office management has to invest in service reliability and responsiveness dimensions as these two dimensions out of the five predictors have profound influence on beneficiaries’ satisfaction. The study concluded that service quality has a strong influence on the satisfaction of Immigration and Passport Office beneficiaries; however, there may be other factors that affect beneficiaries’ satisfaction. The findings of this research offer beneficial implications and contribution for the both the academic point of view and managerial field.

Keywords: Beneficiaries’ Satisfaction, electronic management services, Passport office.

Title: Impact of Quality services of electronic management on beneficiaries’ satisfaction in immigration and passport department in Aden

Author: RANYA NAJIB FADHL AHMED

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

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