Vol 14 Issue 1 January 2026-March 2026

Abstract: The Kenya Revenue Authority encounters difficulties in meeting revenue target, with reports showing a decline in performance due to tax collection inefficiencies, low tax compliance and a larger proportion of Kenya’s economy is informal, remaining untaxed. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of technology adoption on performance of Kenya Revenue Authority in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The study applied descriptive research design. The target population was Kenya Revenue Authority headquarters in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The respondents were 2813 employees from 15 divisions of the company identified through stratified sampling approach and a sample size of 350 respondents was obtained. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used in the analysis of quantitative data. The found that technology adoption (β=0.585; p=0.001) had a positive significant influence of performance of Kenya Revenue Authority. The study concluded that technology is a central support of current tax administration that has a direct correlation with improved revenue collection and managerial efficiency. The study recommends that the company should establish and upgrade its current information technology systems that delay the full achievement of technological advantages in revenue monitoring.

Keywords: Technology adoption, Organizational Performance, Revenue Collection.

Title: INFLUENCE OF TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION ON PERFORMANCE OF KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Mohamed Adan Mohamed, Dr. Felistus Hilda Makhamara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 378-384

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Published Date: 30-March-2026

Abstract: In the context of globalization and the vigorous development of contemporary cultural and artistic life, Tuồng theatre is undergoing profound transformations, particularly in its traditional performance practices. From a semiotic perspective, choreography in traditional Tuồng performance can be understood as a distinctive system of artistic signs, in which each bodily movement not only carries aesthetic value but also embodies deep layers of cultural and ideological meaning. Current shifts in performance environments and modes of reception have diminished the audience’s capacity to decode this system of signs, thereby posing an urgent need for its preservation, promotion, and development.

Keywords: encoding-decoding, Tuồng choreography, preservation.

Title: APPLICATION OF ENCODING - DECODING OF TUỒNG CHOREOGRAPHY IN THE PRESERVATION OF TRADITIONAL VIETNAMESE TUỒNG THEATRE

Author: MA. Duong Thi Thanh Huyen

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 349-352

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-March-2026

Abstract: Organizations today operate in highly dynamic and competitive environments characterized by rapid technological change, shifting customer preferences, and intensified competition. In such contexts, the ability to innovate strategically and respond effectively to environmental changes has become critical for sustaining superior organizational performance. This study examined the relationship between strategic innovation, strategic responsiveness, environmental dynamism, and organizational performance, with a view to explaining how organizations achieve sustainable performance outcomes under conditions of uncertainty. The study was anchored on dynamic capabilities theory and Schumpeter’s innovation theory provide the theoretical foundation for strategic innovation by explaining how firms renew competencies and introduce novel products, processes, and business models. Contingency Theory and Strategic Choice Theory underpin strategic responsiveness by emphasizing the need for organizations and managers to align strategic actions with environmental conditions. Environmental Turbulence Theory and Complexity Theory explain environmental dynamism by highlighting the unpredictability, non-linearity, and rapid pace of change in external environments. Finally, Resource-Based View and Expectation Confirmation Theory support organizational performance by linking internal capabilities, stakeholder satisfaction, and sustained competitive outcomes. Through an extensive review of conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature, the study develops an integrated theoretical model that explains how strategic innovation and strategic responsiveness interact with environmental dynamism to influence organizational performance. Organizational performance was conceptualized in terms of financial outcomes, customer satisfaction, operational efficiency, and innovation outcomes. The study argues that organizations that continuously innovate, respond proactively to environmental changes, and effectively manage environmental uncertainty are better positioned to achieve superior performance and long-term growth. The findings of this review contribute to strategic management literature by providing a multi-theoretical explanation of performance in dynamic environments and offer practical insights for managers seeking to enhance organizational adaptability, competitiveness, and sustainability.

Keywords: Strategic Innovation, Strategic Responsiveness, Environmental Dynamism, Organizational Performance.

Title: STRATEGIC INNOVATION, STRATEGIC RESPONSIVENESS, ENVIRONMENTAL DYNAMISM AND ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Author: Lizzy Awuor Odwar, Dr. Godfrey Kinyua

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 353-377

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Published Date: 26-March-2026

Abstract: Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in developing countries persist in the difficulty of sustaining operations due to constrained and volatile resource availability. Operating in unpredictable and risk-prone environments further complicates this challenge. This paper explores how project risk management shapes resource mobilization efforts among NGOs. Deducing from the Resource-Based View theory (Barney, 1991; Werner felt, 1984), it argues that strong risk identification, risk assessment, and risk mitigation practices enhance organizational credibility, uplift stakeholder confidence, and increase access to long-term funding. Evidence from previous studies (Asawo et al., 2021; Micheni et al., 2025; Mmaitsi, 2020) demonstrates that Managing Uncertainty in Projects serves as a strategic tool for resource mobilization by building donor trust and ensuring project sustainability. This paper proposes a Project Risk Management resource mobilization framework and recommends institutionalizing risk management as part of NGO fundraising and donor-engagement strategies.

Keywords: Uncertainty Management, Adaptive resource mobilization, Project Success.

Title: MANAGING UNCERTAINTY: ADAPTIVE RESOURCE MOBILIZATION AND PROJECT SUCCESS IN NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS IN KENYA

Author: Truphena Kioko, Dr Paul Sang

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 342-348

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Published Date: 23-March-2026

Abstract: This paper discusses two common formats used in speaking assessment: the interview format and the paired format. Speaking is a crucial skill in language learning, and its evaluation requires reliable and valid testing methods. The interview format is practical and easy to administer, but it may not fully represent real communication. The paired format allows more natural interaction between candidates, although it is more difficult to score and manage. The paper also examines the challenges of scoring speaking tests, including issues of reliability, validity, and examiner judgment. It concludes that combining different test formats and using clear scoring criteria can improve the accuracy of speaking assessment.

Keywords: Speaking assessment; Interview format; Paired format; Oral proficiency interview (OPI); Communicative competence; Language testing; Reliability; Validity; Rating scales; Speaking performance evaluation.

Title: Deep Insight into Interview Format vs. Paired Format in Speaking Tests

Author: Naser Alsubaiei

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 337-341

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Published Date: 23-March-2026

Abstract: In the 21st century, an era of rapid development and global integration - ensuring equity and social inclusion has become a critical priority. However, alongside this progress, vulnerable groups still require attention and support, including children with disabilities. In inclusive educational settings, students with disabilities have opportunities to access education alongside their peers. Nevertheless, in practice, they continue to encounter prejudice, stigmatizing attitudes, and discriminatory behaviors from others, which can have long-term negative impacts on their psychological well-being and social development.

This article focuses on analyzing the factors influencing social work communication in preventing discrimination and stigmatization against students with disabilities in general education schools today.

Keywords: factors, social work communication, prevention, discrimination, students with disabilities.

Title: Factors Influencing Social Work Communication in Preventing Discrimination and Stigmatization Against Students with Disabilities in General Education Schools

Author: Do Nghiem Thanh Phuong, Nguyen Xuan Quynh

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 333-336

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 21-March-2026

Abstract: The main objective of this study was to determine the influence of 4G/5G business process technology on competitive advantage of telecommunication companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the Resource-Based View theory. A cross-sectional research design was adopted, targeting key players in the Kenyan telecommunications sector which comprised 39 telecommunication firms. A semi-structured questionnaire was used for primary data collection, incorporating both closed and open-ended questions to capture qualitative and quantitative insights. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences to obtain descriptive and inferential statistics, such as means, standard deviations, percentages, correlations and regression analysis to determine relationships between variables. A correlation of 82% indicated that the adoption of 4G/5G business process technologies had improved operational efficiency, network reliability, and speed of service delivery, thereby enhancing customer satisfaction and retention.

Keywords: 4G/5G Business Process, Technology, Competitive Advantage.

Title: INFLUENCE OF 4G /5G BUSINESS PROCESS TECHNOLOGY ON THE COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OF TELECOMMUNICATION COMPANIES IN KENYA

Author: Evans Oichoe, Antony Sije, Lawrence Odollo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 321-332

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Published Date: 20-March-2026

Abstract: Dams and water reservoirs are essential infrastructure required for economic development. However, their establishment has sometimes led to massive population displacement. The establishment of Kirandich River Dam in Kapkokei area of Kabarnet led to the displacement of 128 households, who were later resettled in Kamailel Sub-location of Mochongoi division. However, the effects of displacement on displaced households in their new settlement remained largely unknown. This study examined pandemonium of development – induced displacements on the sociopolitical political organization of households displaced by the establishment of Kirandich River Dam in Kenya. Specifically, the study examined the effects of development-induced displacements on the family, health and medicine, livelihood and political organization. The study was anchored on the Cultural Ecological Theory and the Impoverishment, Risks and Reconstruction Model. This was a case study involving 106 respondents selected through multistage sampling methods. The study collected data through questionnaires, in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs). Displacement undermined the institution through disruption of familial ties and networks that families had nurtured over the years prior to displacement. Displacement also imperiled the institution of health and medicine among the displaced households as well as indigenous dispute resolution structures. While displacement compromised pastoralism and formal employment-based livelihoods, it enhanced farming as a source of livelihood. Displacement also impeded displaced people’s access to basic social services such as education, health and transport. 

This study recommends for comprehensive review of compensation policies on forced evictions and the inclusion of community assets as part of compensable items. There is also need for provision of social services and infrastructure in areas earmarked for resettlement prior to the actual resettlement.

Keywords: Pandemonium, Displacements, Sociopolitical Organization, Displaced Households, Kirandich River Dam.

Title: Pandemonium of Development – Induced Displacements on the Sociopolitical organization of Households Displaced by the Establishment of Kirandich River Dam in Kenya

Author: Richard Kimutai RONO, Maurice Oluoch ONYANGO

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 314-320

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Published Date: 16-March-2026

Abstract: This study examines the effectiveness of digital and blended training in training institutions. It provides an expanded theoretical framework and analyzes empirical findings regarding trainee engagement, performance, and satisfaction. The findings indicate that blended learning enhances accessibility, knowledge retention, and practical skill development.

Institutional readiness, trainer competence, and digital infrastructure are critical factors influencing training success. Blended learning is a teaching method that combines technology and digital media with traditional classroom activities led by an instructor. It is also called hybrid learning as it integrates the two teaching approaches. Blended learning aims to give students flexibility and customization in their learning experiences to meet individual needs.

Key words: Blended learning, digital modules, platforms, training.

Title: The Effectiveness of Digital and Blended Training in Training Institutions: An Applied Study

Author: Rodaina Faisal Al-Zamel

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 310-313

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-March-2026

Abstract: Technology-enhanced learning (TEL) in humanitarian emergencies offers substantial potential to preserve learning continuity, deliver psychosocial support, and sustain workforce training where formal systems are disrupted. TEL modalities encompass a wide range of solutions from low-tech radio and SMS to high-tech online platforms, mobile applications, offline-capable resources, and blended models that combine digital and in-person facilitation. In emergency contexts such as armed conflict, mass displacement, natural disasters, and global pandemics including COVID-19, TEL can increase reach, enable rapid curriculum adaptation, and support monitoring and credentialing when physical infrastructure is compromised. However, TEL also introduces significant risks that must be managed: exacerbating digital divides, exposing vulnerable populations to surveillance and data breaches, creating dependencies on fragile infrastructure, and diverting limited resources from community-led non-digital responses. This paper synthesizes the literature on TEL in crisis settings, examines practical modalities and their comparative advantages, analyzes ethical, protection, and equity concerns, and presents illustrative examples of training students and employees during the COVID-19 pandemic and conflict-affected environments. Recommendations emphasize layered modality design, data-minimizing practices, community partnership and capacity building, inclusive technology design, contingency planning, and integration of psychosocial support. The paper concludes with a research and policy agenda to strengthen the responsible deployment of TEL in humanitarian settings, urging rigorous but context-sensitive evaluation approaches and sustained funding for resilient, locally led solutions.

Keywords: Technology-enhanced learning; education in emergencies; digital learning; data protection; COVID-19; low-tech solutions; blended learning; psychosocial support; displaced learners; workforce training

Title: Technology-Enhanced Learning in Humanitarian Emergencies: Promise and Risks

Author: Rodaina Faisal Al-Zamel

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 305-309

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 14-March-2026

Abstract: The dominant scientific and cultural framing of parasitism as purely exploitative — a unidirectional extraction of resources from host to parasite — is epistemologically incomplete. This paper proposes a reframing of parasitism through the lens of Care, defined as the nonphysical primitive impetus toward balance between the singular and the whole it is part of. We argue that parasitic relationships, when examined at the ecosystem scale and across evolutionary time, demonstrate properties consistent with systemic regulation, population homeostasis, and biodiversity maintenance — functions that are not incidental to parasitism but intrinsic to it. The apparent conflict between parasitic harm at the individual level and systemic benefit at the ecosystem level is resolved by applying the Care primitive as an analytical framework: the relevant question is not whether a relationship is harmful to the individual, but whether it contributes to the minimisation of suffering across the whole system over time. We further propose that the loss of parasite diversity is itself a measurable form of systemic suffering — a dysfunction of Care at ecosystem scale — and that healthy parasite communities represent one of the most sensitive indicators of a flourishing biosphere. This reframing has implications for conservation biology, ecological AI alignment, and the broader scientific understanding of Care as a universal constant.

Keywords: parasitism, Care primitive, biocentric stewardship, ecosystem health, symbiosis spectrum, nonphysical primitive, BSF, ecological suffering, nematode.

Title: The Relational Parasite: Reframing Parasitism Through the Lens of Care as a Nonphysical Primitive: The Steward AGI Biocentric Stewardship Framework

Author: Andrew Philps

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 299-304

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-March-2026

Abstract: Viruses are the most abundant biological entities on Earth by orders of magnitude, yet the dominant cultural and scientific framing positions them primarily as agents of disease. This framing is epistemologically incomplete. This paper proposes a reframing of virology through the lens of Care, defined within the Biocentric Stewardship Framework (BSF) as the nonphysical primitive impetus toward balance between the singular and the whole it is part of. We argue that viruses, examined at the appropriate scale and across evolutionary time, perform four irreplaceable systemic functions that are expressions of the Care primitive operating at the most fundamental level of life: global nutrient cycling through the viral shunt; population homeostasis preventing bacterial monoculture; horizontal gene transfer as the primary mechanism of evolutionary innovation and information sharing across all domains of life; and genomic integration that has permanently shaped the genomes of all cellular life on Earth, including the human genome itself. The human genome is approximately 8% ancient viral sequence; the gene enabling placental formation in mammals is of retroviral origin. The virus did not merely visit. It became us. This reframing has profound implications for medicine, conservation biology, evolutionary theory, and the alignment of artificial intelligence with biocentric values.

Keywords: virology, virome, Care primitive, biocentric stewardship, bacteriophage, viral shunt, horizontal gene transfer, endogenous retroviruses, HERV, BSF, nonphysical primitive, evolutionary innovation.

Title: The Relational Virus: From Enemy to Architect of Life — Reframing Virology Through the Lens of Care as a Nonphysical Primitive: The Steward AGI Biocentric Stewardship Framework

Author: Andrew Philps

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 292-298

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-March-2026

Abstract: Developing the Vietnamese language for ethnic minority children at the preschool level is a vital task to improve educational quality and create a foundation for learning at subsequent levels. For Thai ethnic preschoolers, the use of their mother tongue in daily life causes many difficulties when accessing and using Vietnamese in a learning environment. This article provides an in-depth review of research related to developing Vietnamese for 3–6-year-old Thai ethnic preschoolers and analyzes the role of literature appreciation as an effective language education tool in kindergartens. The review results show that organizing activities to access stories, poetry, folk verses, and idioms not only contributes to expanding vocabulary and training listening-speaking skills but also helps children form interest and confidence when using Vietnamese. On that basis, the article clarifies the significance of utilizing literary works in developing Vietnamese for Thai ethnic preschoolers and suggests research directions and the application of appropriate measures in preschool education practice.

Keywords: Vietnamese language, Vietnamese language development, 3–6-year-old preschoolers, Thai ethnic group, literary works, preschool education.

Title: LITERATURE REVIEW ON DEVELOPING VIETNAMESE LANGUAGE FOR 3–6-YEAR-OLD THAI ETHNIC PRESCHOOLERS THROUGH LITERATURE APPRECIATION IN KINDERGARTENS

Author: Hoang Thi Thuy Linh; Vi Thi Thao My; Phan Thi Phuong Thao; Luong Thuy Mien; Kim Thi My Le; Tran Thi Thuy Nga

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 283-291

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 13-March-2026

Abstract: The present study aimed to examine effect of using drama activities on performance of learners in English in primary schools of Gasaka Sector. Drama technique encourages the participations of pupils in the learning of English language. In other words, language practice is the driving force in language learning. By participating through drama activities learners acquire communicative skills, fluency, self-confidence, creative skills, and reading skills and so on. In order to achieve the objectives assigned to this study, four kinds of research methodology have been used in order to know the extent to which drama activities are used and their importance in English classroom in Rwandan primary schools. These methods are the questionnaire, interviews, documentation, and observations of live teaching sessions. The study reveals the positive effect of teaching English through drama on pupil’s physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. It sheds light on the method of putting pupils in authentic situations to help them discover their hidden creativity and overcome their fears. It is to promote their sense of critical thinking; problem solving, reasoning, analysis, interpretation, synthesizing information, research skills and practices; interrogative questioning, creativity; artistry, curiosity, imagination, innovation, personal expression and perseverance; self-direction, planning, self-discipline, adaptability and initiative, drama approach should be adapted to improve the academic performance. This study revealed the importance of engaging pupils in the process of teaching and learning of English through dramatized lessons and related strategies in order to enhance English language mastery in primary schools; ended with recommendations to enable pupils and teachers benefit greatly from drama activities. E.P SUMBA is recommended to provide all facilities needed to help teachers and pupils to use drama activities in the process of teaching and learning English language. Teachers of language are recommended to integrate drama in their teaching and learning activities for pupils to become fluency in English language.

Keywords:   Drama Activities, English Language Learning, Primary School Pupils, Communicative Skills Development, Academic Performance.

Title: EFFECT OF DRAMA ACTIVITIES ON PERFORMANCE OF LEARNERS IN ENGLISH IN SELECTED PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN GASAKA SECTOR, RWANDA: THE CASE OF E.P SUMBA

Author: NIRYAYO ANTONY, NIRINGIYIMANA THEOPHILE, MAZIMPAKA ESRON, NUMVIYUMUKIZA ETIENNE, MBONIMANA Gamariel

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 272-282

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-March-2026

Abstract: Chhau mask and dance, a distinctive form of traditional artistry originating from the Charida village in Purulia, West Bengal, hold profound cultural and economic significance. This study examines the cultural and economic significance of the Chhau Mask and dances in the Charida village of West Bengal. To conduct this study, empirical data were collected through the case study of Charida village. A total of 42 heads of households were interviewed to gather information about the cultural and economic significance of Chhau Mask and dance. Out of the total households interviewed, 31 heads registered to UNESCO’s Geographical Indication Tag. Through an interdisciplinary approach encompassing ethnographic research, economic analysis, and cultural heritage studies, the research examines the historical evolution, symbolic meanings, craftsmanship techniques, and market dynamics of Chhau masks. This study reveals that the households who are involved in Chhau dance and making Chhau Masks, their income has increased nominally after receiving a Geographical Indication Tag.

Keywords: Culture; Society; Economy; Chhau Masks, G. I. Tag; West Bengal.

Title: Cultural and Economic Significance of Chhau Masks and Dance: A Case Study of Charida Village, West Bengal

Author: Moupriya Dutta, Vishwambhar Prasad Sati

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, January 2026 - March 2026

Page No: 258-271

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-March-2026