Vol 14 Issue 1 April 2026-September 2026

Abstract: The study examined the effect of stakeholder engagement practices on the performance of humanitarian NGO projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. It was motivated by persistent challenges in project performance, including declining quality, cost overruns, delays, and low beneficiary satisfaction. The study specifically investigated how stakeholder identification, stakeholder involvement, communication processes, and feedback handling influence project performance. Guided by stakeholder theory, communication theory, and human capital theory, an explanatory research design was used. Data was collected from 273 respondents across 21 NGO projects, with a sample of 7 projects selected randomly and respondents within them studied through a census approach. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analysis. Findings revealed that all stakeholder engagement practices positively and significantly influence project performance. Stakeholder identification was the strongest predictor, followed by involvement, communication, and feedback handling. Although implementation of these practices was generally moderate, projects with stronger and more systematic stakeholder engagement achieved better outcomes in quality, timeliness, cost efficiency, and beneficiary satisfaction. The study concludes that effective stakeholder engagement is critical for improving humanitarian project performance. It recommends that NGOs formalize stakeholder engagement through policies and standard operating procedures, and invest in staff and volunteer training to strengthen identification, involvement, communication, and feedback systems across projects.

Keywords: Stakeholder engagement, Humanitarian NGO projects, Project performance, Nairobi City County, Feedback management.

Title: Stakeholders Engagement Practices and Performance of Humanitarian Non-Governmental Organizations Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Author: Muraya Judy Wangui, Lydia Gachengo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 331-340

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 08-May-2026

Abstract:  The Indian insurance industry has witnessed significant transformation driven by digitalization, rising consumer awareness, and regulatory evolution. This study undertakes a comprehensive competitor analysis of two leading insurance companies — ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Limited (life insurance segment) and Star Health and Allied Insurance Company Limited (health/general insurance segment) — within the operational context of ValuePlus Technologies Private Limited's digital platform, AssetPlus. Using secondary financial data sourced from published annual reports covering the period 2021–2025, the research employs ratio analysis, comparative balance sheet analysis, and common size analysis to evaluate financial performance, profitability, liquidity, and solvency. The findings reveal that ICICI Prudential demonstrates stable profitability and strong solvency margins, while Star Health exhibits rapid premium growth accompanied by increasing pressure on profitability margins due to elevated claim ratios. The study identifies strategic opportunities for FinTech-based insurance intermediaries such as AssetPlus in optimising insurance distribution partnerships, enhancing product offerings, and expanding market reach in the evolving Indian insurance ecosystem.

Keywords: Life Insurance, General Insurance, FinTech, Competitor Analysis, Financial Performance, ICICI Prudential, Star Health, AssetPlus, Ratio Analysis, Insurance Distribution, India.

Title: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF COMPETITOR PERFORMANCE IN THE LIFE AND GENERAL INSURANCE INDUSTRY WITH REFERENCE TO FINANCIAL RATIOS, GROWTH, AND OPERATIONAL EFFICIENCY

Author: Pugazhenthi .M, Dr.M. Kotteeswaran

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 323-330

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 07-May-2026

Abstract: This study examines the effect of digital marketing on consumer buying behaviour using a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method based on the Technology Acceptance Model. The study integrates the key dimensions of digital marketing, which include digital advertising, social media marketing, and content marketing and determines their effect on consumer perceptions, including the perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use perceptions. Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data through respondents and analyse the data using SmartPLS. The results obtained indicate that digital marketing has a great impact on both perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. These constructs in turn have a significant and positive influence on consumer buying behaviour, which indicates their mediating role in the association between digital marketing and purchase decisions. The structural model shows sufficient explanatory strength and predictive applicability, and it proves the strength of the proposed framework. The existence of all the hypothesized relationships was statistically significant. In the study, online purchasing is more likely to be conducted by consumers when they perceive the online marketing platforms to be useful, informative and easy to use. This study adds to the current body of literature, and it can offer marketers and policymakers to further improve digital marketing engagement and consumer trust.

Keywords: Digital Marketing; Consumer Buying Behaviour; PLS-SEM; Perceived Usefulness; Perceived Ease of Use; Technology Acceptance Model; Social Media Marketing; Digital Advertising.

Title: Impact of Digital Marketing on Consumer Buying Behaviour: A PLS-SEM Approach Based on the Technology Acceptance Model

Author: B.V.Bhuvaneswari, Dr.T.Kannan

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 313-322

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: Although Higher Education in India has experienced exponential growth in terms of numbers, the growth has not translated in same proportion in terms of equipping students with relevant market skills. This study identifies the skill gaps prevalent in commerce graduates and explores the reasons behind their low employability. The study focuses on the commerce graduates from the University of Calicut, the largest affiliating university in the state of Kerala, which serves around 250,000 students across 394 colleges. The primary data for this study was collected from 360 respondents, using a well-structured questionnaire. A multi-method approach has been employed to analyze the data, including Chi-Square Test of Independence, One-Way ANOVA, Garrett Ranking Technique, and Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Moreover, a Path Analysis with mediation and Multiple Regression has been employed to understand the determinants of graduate employability. The findings of the findings reveals significant association between college type and employability, add-on course and employability, and skill requirements for employability. Three latent skill dimensions, namely, Applied Skills, Conceptual Skills, and Entrepreneurial Skills, have been identified. The results of the Path Analysis reveal that the institutional type has the most dominant indirect effect on graduate employment through employability skills (β = .839). The Garrett Ranking Technique reveals that communication deficiency, digital illiteracy, and lack of practical exposure to industry are the top three reasons for unemployment of commerce graduates. The findings have crucial implications for curriculum designers, policymakers, and skill development managers in commerce education, particularly in the Malabar region.

Keywords: Skill Gap, Employability Mismatch, Commerce Graduates, Graduate Unemployment.

Title: SKILL GAP AND EMPLOYABILITY MISMATCH AMONG COMMERCE GRADUATES: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY

Author: Shalini K V, Dr. S. Latha

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 303-312

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-May-2026

Abstract: The rapid emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) and digital technologies is increasingly pervading entrepreneurial ecosystems globally and is creating new avenues for some entrepreneurs to engage with markets. The present study investigates how AI-based business ecosystems are transforming the opportunities and barriers faced by Malayali women entrepreneurs. Using a multi-stage sampling approach, data has been collected from 380 respondents through structured questionnaire, the study employs a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach to analyze how AI-enabled business ecosystems influence the transformation of opportunities and barriers by introducing AI adoption, digital literacy, fintech, network expansion, institutional support, cultural norms and entrepreneurial outcomes as endogenous constructs. The findings support high measurement validity and good model fit but show that AI adoption does not lead to increased digital literacy or fintech access. While these results are initially surprising given what we know about the potential of technology and AI to boost skills, they highlight that more work is needed to truly leverage technology for development. A decline in network size as AI adoption increases also suggests that depending more on technology may mean less social capital creation. Results further show that digital literacy negatively affects innovation, institutional support and cultural norms encouraging AI adoption had no significant direct effect on AI adoption. The findings advance the research literature on the multi-dimensional nature of the digital gender divide, highlighting interactions between technological, social, and institutional dynamics. The results have important implications for decision makers and practitioners hoping to create sustainable entrepreneurial ecosystems in emerging markets.

Keywords: AI-enabled business ecosystems; Digital gender divide; Women entrepreneurship; Digital literacy; Fintech access; Network expansion; Innovation; Sustainability.

Title: Bridging the Digital Gender Divide: How AI-Enabled Business Ecosystems Transform Barriers and Opportunities for Malayali Women Entrepreneurs in Emerging Markets

Author: RAJI BABY, Dr. S. LATHA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 291-302

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-May-2026

Abstract: This study examines customer satisfaction towards Ponlait dairy products in the Puducherry region. It focuses on key factors influencing consumer preferences such as quality, price, taste, availability, and packaging. The research is based on primary data collected from 150 respondents using a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentage and chi-square methods. The findings indicate that most customers are satisfied with Ponlait products, especially in terms of quality and freshness, with curd and buttermilk being the most preferred items. However, the study also identifies areas for improvement, including product awareness, availability, pricing, and packaging. Overall, the study concludes that while Ponlait meets customer expectations to a significant extent, continuous improvements in marketing and service quality are essential for enhancing customer satisfaction and ensuring long-term growth.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Dairy Products, Consumer Behavior, Product Quality.

Title: A Study on Customer Satisfaction towards Ponlait

Author: Dr. R. Vignesh, Saravanan.P

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 285-290

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-April-2026

Abstract: This study examines the impact of work-life balance (WLB) on employee productivity at Impressn Pvt Ltd, a digital out-of-home advertising company in Chennai, India. A descriptive research design was adopted with a convenience sample of 103 employees. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using percentage analysis, Chi-square tests, and one-way ANOVA. The findings reveal that age, marital status, educational qualification, and work experience significantly influence WLB perceptions. ANOVA results confirm that age, gender, and experience significantly impact employee productivity. The study recommends flexible working hours, an improved work environment, workload management, and wellness initiatives to enhance both WLB and organizational productivity.

Keywords: work-life balance, employee productivity, digital advertising, Chi-square, ANOVA, flexible work, India.

Title: Work-Life Balance and Its Impact on Employee Productivity: A Study with Special Reference to Impressn Pvt Ltd, Chennai

Author: Elakiya BS, Dr Nazia Sarfaraz

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 277-284

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2026

Abstract: The logistics sector contributes significantly towards the movement of goods and services; therefore, logistics efficiency has an important bearing on organizational effectiveness. In the highly competitive business world, logistics efficiency has taken a central stage due to its significance in ensuring timely deliveries at reduced costs with improved services. This paper explores the effect of logistics efficiency on organizational effectiveness using VRL Logistics Ltd. as a case study. The paper uses primary data from 110 respondents comprising employees, customers, and logistics practitioners. The survey tool for data collection was a structured questionnaire. Data obtained was analyzed using various statistical techniques such as percent analysis, chi-square test, ANOVA test, and correlation analysis.

Results indicate that logistic efficiency helps increase delivery speed while reducing operational costs and improving customer satisfaction. It was established that variables such as route optimization, use of technology, and inventory management, among others, play an instrumental role in increasing efficiency. Nonetheless, there are certain issues such as delays and logistical problems. In conclusion, it can be stated that increased logistical efficiency significantly improves the performance of VRL Logistics Ltd. The report stresses that there is a need to improve technology, train employees, and improve processes to ensure better results.

Keywords: Logistics Efficiency, Organizational Performance, VRL Logistics Ltd, Supply Chain, Customer Satisfaction.

Title: A Study on the Efficiency of Logistics and Its Impact on Performance in VRL Logistics LTD

Author: Dr. R. Vignesh, Baskar M

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 271-276

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2026

Abstract: Redundancy and dismissal are central issues in employment relations because they affect organizational effectiveness, employee wellbeing, and legal risk. This manuscript examines the legal and procedural frameworks governing redundancy and termination, with particular attention to fairness, reasonableness, and employer accountability. It outlines redundancy as a potentially fair reason for dismissal under employment law and discusses its principal causes, including economic decline, technological change, and organizational restructuring. The discussion also distinguishes between wrongful dismissal, unfair dismissal, summary dismissal, and the non-renewal of fixed-term contracts. Emphasis is placed on the importance of meaningful consultation, objective selection criteria, and procedural fairness in redundancy situations. The manuscript further reviews automatically unfair reasons for dismissal, including discrimination, pregnancy, maternity, health and safety activities, and protected statutory rights. Relevant case law is used to illustrate how tribunals assess fairness, particularly in relation to redundancy selection, procedural defects, and employer decision-making. The paper concludes that effective redundancy and dismissal procedures require legal compliance, transparent processes, and careful managerial judgement to balance organizational needs with employee rights.

Keywords: Redundancy, termination, wrongful dismissal, discrimination, summary dismissal, instant dismissal.

Title: The processes related to redundancy and termination play a vital role in the overall success of the organization

Author: Anusha Shalwani

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 266-270

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2026

Abstract: Supply chain management (SCM) has become increasingly significant in the last few years in the engineering and construction firms that are operated on a grand scale. Larsen and Toubro (L&T), one of the most renowned Indian multinational corporations, is the focus of this study on its strategies of supply chain management. The general objectives of the study, in turn, are to list existing supply chain practices, break them down to identify the impediments to their implementation, and determine the role of demand forecasting and MRP in enhancing the efficiency of operations. The research method employed was a quantitative descriptive research study design, and a structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data among 97 respondents. To perform the analysis, statisticians involved such procedures as ANOVA, chisquare tests, and percentage analysis. Based on the information, a significant number of respondents use demand forecasting and material resource planning as part of their supply chain processes. According to the chi-square analysis, there is a statistically significant correlation between the method of manufacturing and supply chain implementation and educational qualification. Analysis of variance data shows that there is no statistically significant dependence between the position, nature, annual turnover of exports, and material resource planning and supply chain challenges in a company. Still, even though L&T had good processes of supply chain, the study concluded that there could be a bit of work done by digital integration, supplier coordination, and even risk management to continue operating at a high level.

Keywords: Logistics, supply chain management, demand forecasting, MRP, procurement, analysis of variance, chi-square, Larsen and Toubro.

Title: A STUDY ON SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT IN LARSEN & TOUBRO

Author: Vishnu Prasath N, Dr. Vignesh R.

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 259-265

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2026

Abstract: Employee well-being has become a significant concern in modern organizations, particularly as changing job demands and rising workplace pressures influence both employee satisfaction and productivity. In this context, work-life balance and job satisfaction have emerged as important factors affecting employee performance enhancement. The present study examines the relationship among work-life balance, job satisfaction, and performance enhancement, with emphasis on how these factors contribute to overall employee well-being in the workplace.

The study is empirical in nature and is based on primary data collected through a structured questionnaire from 150 employees, supported by relevant secondary sources. The selected respondents represent the foundation for examining employee perceptions regarding work-life balance, job satisfaction, and performance enhancement. The sample size provides a meaningful basis for empirical interpretation and strengthens the practical relevance of the study. Percentage analysis and chi-square analysis are used to interpret employee responses and examine the association among the study variables. The hypothesis of the study assumes that work-life balance and job satisfaction have a significant association with employee performance enhancement.

The study indicates that employees who maintain a healthier balance between work and personal life tend to report higher job satisfaction, greater engagement, and improved performance outcomes. It also emphasizes that supportive organizational practices can positively influence both employee welfare and organizational effectiveness.

The study concludes that work-life balance and job satisfaction are important drivers of performance enhancement and play a meaningful role in improving workforce productivity and long-term organizational growth.

Keywords: Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, Performance Enhancement, Employee Well-Being, Organizational Effectiveness, Employee Productivity.

Title: Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Performance Enhancement: An Empirical Study on Employee Well-Being in the Workplace

Author: Preethi G, Bharathi G, Sangeetha A, Ashwin Kumar J

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 254-258

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-April-2026

Abstract: The logistics and customs sector is a key area of ensuring international trade, with the efficiency of customs clearance directly affecting the performance of the supply chain. The integration of electronic systems like ICEGATE (Indian Customs Electronic Gateway) has greatly changed the way conventional customs are performed since it allows electronic filing, real-time tracking, and provides easy communication between the parties involved. The purpose of this paper is to examine how the ICEGATE digitalization influences the time of customs clearance in International Clearing and Shipping Agency (ICSA), Chennai. The study is founded on the primary data, which was gathered in relation to 110 respondents, comprising importers, exporters, customs brokers, and logistics professionals. It was conducted using a structured questionnaire and statistical analysis measures that included percentage analysis, the Chi-square test, ANOVA, and correlation analysis to give meaning to the data. The results indicate that ICEGATE has greatly decreased paperwork, enhanced transparency, and increased the speed of the customs clearance systems. Nonetheless, the system failure, technical problems, and failure to train the users continue to impact the operational efficiency. The research finds that ICEGATE digitalization positively affects the time of customs clearance and logistics performance in general. It also highlights the necessity to improve its effectiveness through the constant improvements of the system, training of the users, and the improvement of the technical support to achieve the best results in trade facilitation in modern times.

Keywords: ICEGATE, Digitalization, Customs Clearance, Logistics, Trade Facilitation.

Title: A Study on Impact of Icegate Digitalization on Customs Clearance Time in International Clearing and Shipping Agency, Chennai

Author: Dr.R.Vignesh, Ganesh P

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 248-253

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-April-2026

Abstract: The study undergone at WIN TECH PRECISION ENGINEERING the industrial training which focuses on imparting knowledge and practical exposure in the different areas of an organization. In enhance the knowledge of the student, which can be practically applied in further courses of action. It is an extraordinary opportunity to experience partial industrial environments, discipline, teamwork, time management, quality controlling and to obtain a clear understanding of the theoretical knowledge from the company. From this study it has been observed that the HR. MARKETING, Finance department, Purchase, Stores and quality of WIN TECH PRECISION ENGINEERING aims to increase productivity and to play right person in right job, through proper channel of recruitment and training an employee. This I have experienced from this Industrial training.  

Keywords: HR policies, Employee Relationship, Organization.

Title: EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION TOWARDS SAFETY MEASURES AT ON WIN TECH PRECISION ENGINEERING

Author: M. SRIRAM, DR. T. SHEEBA

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 241-247

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-April-2026

Abstract: Operating cost efficiency plays a crucial role in determining the profitability of an organization. Efficient management of operating costs helps businesses optimize resource utilization, reduce unnecessary expenses, and improve overall financial performance. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between operating cost efficiency and profitability in organizations. The study is based on primary data collected through structured questionnaires distributed among employees and management personnel. A sample of respondents was selected to analyze the effectiveness of cost control measures. Statistical tools such as percentage analysis, correlation analysis, and chi- square tests were used to interpret the data. The findings indicate that effective cost control, proper resource allocation, and technological adoption significantly enhance profitability. The study concludes that organizations should focus on improving cost efficiency strategies and operational practices to achieve sustainable profitability and competitive advantage.

Keywords: Operating Cost Efficiency, Profitability, Cost Control, Financial Performance, Resource Utilization, Business Efficiency.

Title: Evaluating the Relationship between Operating Cost Efficiency and Profitability at Sattva CFS and Logistics Pvt. Ltd.

Author: SWETHA S, Dr. Kishore Raaj S

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 232-240

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 24-April-2026

Abstract: The study is an outcome of the topic called “AN ANALYTICAL STUDY OF REWARD MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION”. The survey is carried out in the company called HINDUSTAN  UNILEVER LIMITED, PUDUCHERRY. Rewards are considered as a powerful tool which is used by an organization to motivate its employees and it is an important part of an organization's human resource planning. It helps to link the strategic direction and business goals together and act also as the catalyst for improved performance and better productivity. The main focus of the project is to study find out various type of reward system in the organization and to identify the impact of reward system on employee performance. The secondary objective of the study is to provide suggestion and remedial measures based on the findings. The research is descriptive and the sample method used is simple random sampling. Nearly 123 samples are taken to study the employee's performance towards the organization Primary data such as Questionnaire and interview have been conducted to collect the data from the employees. Generally statistical tools such as Percentage method, Chi square, Correlation, weighted average are used for Analysis and interpretation. The Research discloses that the remuneration, bonus and incentives offered by the company is satisfactory and even the employees feel it is equivalent to the current market trend. In addition to that, the employees feel satisfied with the promotion criteria of the organization. The organization followed both monetary and non-monetary reward of the employees is high. But it should be useful in improving their performance. While designing the reward system; the company can give more importance to bonus and incentives for monetary reward and quality control award for non- monetary reward as they are more preferred by the employees.

Keywords: reward system, employee performance, strategic direction and business goals.

Title: An Analytical Study of Reward Management and Its Impact on Employee Motivation

Author: Dr.R.Vignesh, Guna M

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 14, Issue 1, April 2026 - September 2026

Page No: 229-231

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-April-2026