Vol 14 Issue 2 April 2026-June 2026

Abstract: The study examined the effect of automated procurement systems on the performance of Garissa County Government in Kenya. The research was motivated by procurement inefficiencies in the county, where only 44% of development projects aligned with the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2017–2022, alongside persistent shortfalls in Own Source Revenue (OSR) collection. The study focused on four components of automated procurement systems: e-tendering, e-invoicing, e-sourcing, and e-payment. It was guided by Schumpeter’s Entrepreneurship Theory, Economic Theory of Entrepreneurship, and Drucker’s Theory of Entrepreneurship. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 163 respondents, from which 121 were selected using stratified random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22 through descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The findings showed that all automated procurement systems significantly influenced county performance. E-invoicing had the strongest positive effect on financial efficiency and compliance, followed by e-sourcing, which improved supplier relations and procurement efficiency. E-tendering enhanced transparency and accountability, while e-payment improved timeliness and transaction security, although its overall influence was comparatively weaker. The study concluded that automated procurement systems improve organizational performance, governance, efficiency, and financial sustainability in Garissa County. It recommended strengthening e-invoicing and e-sourcing systems, improving integration of e-tendering with financial sustainability measures, and enhancing financial controls and administrative frameworks for e-payment systems.

Keywords: Automated procurement systems, E-procurement, County government performance, Own Source Revenue (OSR), Garissa County, Kenya.

Title: Automated Procurement Systems and Organizational Performance of County Governments in Kenya: Evidence from Garissa County

Author: Ahmed Mohamed Ibrahim, Morrison Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 173-183

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Published Date: 15-May-2026

Abstract: The Kenya Revenue Authority introduced the management system for contact centers and customer relationship management in 2017 to enhance service provision by offering a detailed perspective of the customer. However, the anticipated increase has not materialized, as the collection of tax revenue has repeatedly fallen below projections. There is a growing anxiety based on the gap between those entitled to pay taxes and the total of persons truly paying within the country. Therefore, this study sought to examine the influence of information technology infrastructure on the growth of Kenya Revenue Authority. A descriptive design was applied. The population was 381 staff of Kenya Revenue Authority at the headquarters who were identified through stratified sampling technique. The method applied in choosing the participants was simple random methodology. A sample size of 195 was arrived through Taro Yamane statistical formula. The process of gathering data was supported through a questionnaire. The process of piloting the tool involved 8 respondents from the same company but were not involved during implementation of actual study. The content validity assessment was adopted for validating the tool. To check the internal consistency and reliability of the survey questions, a Cronbach’s alpha coefficient test was performed, yielding a correlation coefficient of 0.779, indicating the reliability of the questionnaire items. The quantitative data analysis included descriptive statistics. Moreover, the implementation of inferential statistical analyses was adhered to express how each variable had related with the other with findings displayed in tables. The observation from the study was that the information technology infrastructure (β=0.0415, t=5.949, p=0.002), resulted to significant influence on the growth of the company. The conclusion was that having a stronger IT infrastructure had resulted to enhanced growth of the company through optimized processes and improved management of data. The recommendation was that the company ought to choose for system upgrading for effective management of data traffic and the varied needs of the user as it seeks for expansion of its operations.

Keywords: Information Technology Infrastructure, Organizational Growth.

Title: INFLUENCE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY INFRASTRUCTURE ON THE GROWTH OF KENYA REVENUE AUTHORITY

Author: Kevin Maina, Dr. Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 166-172

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Published Date: 14-May-2026

Abstract: Multimodal literacy has emerged as a cornerstone in contemporary digital-aged education in response to the increasing complexity of communication in digital and pedagogical contexts. As meaning is now constructed through the interaction of various modes: linguistic, visual, auditory, spatial, and gestural resources, literacy can no longer be limited to the decoding and production of printed texts alone. This study examines the concept of multimodal literacy, its theoretical foundations, and its growing significance in educational practice. Based on the scholarship in multimodality, social semiotics, and literacy studies, the article argues that multimodal literacy involves the ability to interpret, respond to, and produce meaning across multiple modes and media. The findings show how digital technologies and changing communication practices have reshaped educational expectations, requiring learners to become active meaning-makers in multimodal environments. The article also highlights the pedagogical implications of multimodal literacy for classroom instruction, curriculum design, and learner agency, and affirms that multimodal literacy should be regarded as a core educational objective in the digital- aged education context.

Keywords: Multimodal literacy; multimodality; social semiotics; literacy education; digital communication.

Title: Multimodal Literacy in the Digital-Aged Education

Author: Nguyen Tien Dung, Nguyen Ngoc Lan

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 162-165

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Published Date: 13-May-2026

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of agricultural development on the ecological footprint in Bihar, where agriculture remains central to economic growth and rural livelihoods. Using annual time-series data from 1991 to 2023, the study examines the effects of agricultural value added, renewable energy consumption, trade openness, and urbanization on environmental sustainability. Data are collected from the Global Footprint Network, World Development Indicators, and government statistical reports. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Bounds Testing approach are employed to estimate both short-run and long-run relationships among the variables. The findings reveal that agricultural development significantly increases the ecological footprint due to intensive farming practices, excessive fertilizer use, groundwater depletion, and mechanization. Renewable energy consumption helps reduce ecological pressure, whereas trade openness contributes to environmental degradation. Urbanization shows mixed and statistically insignificant long-run effects. The study recommends adopting climate-smart agriculture, renewable energy-based irrigation, organic farming, and efficient resource management to ensure sustainable agricultural development in Bihar.

Keywords: Agriculture, Ecological Footprint, ARDL, Bihar, Environmental Sustainability, Renewable Energy.

Title: Agriculture and the Rising Ecological Footprint in Bihar: Symmetric Analysis

Author: Dr. Manish Kumar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 154-161

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-May-2026

Abstract: Women’s participation in grassroots politics has emerged as a critical factor in strengthening democratic systems, especially in developing countries. This paper examines the role of women in local governance, the barriers they face, and the transformative impact of their participation on communities. Drawing on theoretical perspectives and empirical examples, the paper highlights how grassroots political engagement empowers women, improves governance outcomes, and promotes inclusive development.

Keywords: Women’s participation, grassroots politics, local governance, Panchayati Raj, gender equality, decentralization.

Title: Women’s Participation in Grassroots Politics: Challenges, Opportunities, and Transformations

Author: Ranjita Konwar

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 147-153

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 09-May-2026

Abstract: The companies within construction and allied sector listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange are crucial to Kenya's economy, contributing to job creation and infrastructure. However, they face declining profitability, with statistical data showing revenue drops for many firms’ financial year. Overall, profitability has decreased, with average margins falling significantly. Additionally, market capitalization has dropped for the last few years, raising investor concerns. In addition, many of these firms are grappling with elevated debt levels. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of inventories on profitability of construction and allied companies listed at Nairobi Securities Exchange, Kenya. The study employed casual research design. A time series model was applied. The 5 companies operating within this sector formed the unit of analysis whereby their profitability was analysed for a period ranging from 2021 to 2025. The collection of data was done using secondary data collection sheet. The analysis of the data was subjected to descriptive analysis using minimum and maximum values, mean and standard deviation. The relationship amongst variables was achieved by using inferential statistical analysis including correlation and regression analyses methods. The diagnostics tests done included; normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test and linearity test. The inventories of these companies were found to be statistically and significantly related with their profitability. The study concludes that proper management of inventories leads to streamlined operations and enhanced general financial strength of construction companies. The study recommends that the companies should embrace technology that can be used in improving the management of inventories through digital tools and software that can streamline the monitoring of materials and equipment.

Keywords: Inventories, Working Capital Management, Profitability.

Title: EFFECT OF INVENTORIES ON PROFITABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION AND ALLIED COMPANIES REGISTERED UNDER NAIROBI SECURITIES EXCHANGE, KENYA

Author: Rumana Dahir Adan, Dr. Moses Odhiambo Aluoch

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 140-146

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Published Date: 07-May-2026

Abstract: The implementation of the Last Mile Connectivity Project by the Kenya Power and Lighting Company in Nyeri County, Kenya, has encountered significant challenges, including low connection rates, project delays, and cost overruns, thereby limiting its effectiveness in expanding electricity access. This study examined the influence of project cost management on the implementation of these projects, focusing on cost estimation, cost budgeting, and cost control.

The study was anchored on planning theory, the triple constraint theory, and scheduling theory, and adopted a descriptive research design. A census approach was used to include all 67 respondents comprising project managers and project team members. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, with validity and reliability confirmed through pilot testing, construct and content validation, and Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis, while qualitative data were analyzed thematically. The findings revealed that project cost estimation (β = 0.512, p = 0.004), cost budgeting (β = 0.362, p = 0.002), and cost control (β = 0.281, p = 0.003) all have a statistically significant positive effect on project implementation. Cost estimation emerged as the strongest predictor, highlighting the importance of accurate forecasting and contingency planning. The study concludes that effective cost management enhances resource allocation, minimizes delays, improves financial accountability, and strengthens stakeholder trust, thereby improving implementation outcomes. The study recommends enhanced stakeholder engagement during planning, adoption of robust cost monitoring systems, integration of risk management frameworks, and comprehensive upfront budgeting to improve project performance. These findings contribute to the understanding of cost management practices in public electrification projects and provide practical insights for improving implementation efficiency.

Keywords:  Project Cost Management, Project Implementation, Cost Estimation, Last Mile Connectivity, Rural Electrification.

Title: Optimizing Project Cost Management for Improved Implementation of Public Electrification Projects: A Case of Kenya Power Last Mile Connectivity in Nyeri County

Author: Timothy Mbuba Murithi, Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 132-139

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: The article clarifies the value of the Mass Education Decree in the process of transition from literacy eradication to digital knowledge universalization. On the basis of analyzing the context of its emergence and its historical values, the study affirms that the Decree established a model of mass education and the principle of ensuring people’s access to knowledge.

In the context of digital transformation, the emergence of the digital divide raises the requirement to develop digital competence as a condition for participation in socio-economic life. The article indicates that the core value of the Decree lies in the principle of organizing education in accordance with learners’ conditions of access, thereby continuing to provide orientation for digital knowledge universalization in the present period.

Keywords: Mass Education Decree; digital knowledge universalization; education; digital divide; digital competence.

Title: FROM LITERACY ERADICATION TO DIGITAL KNOWLEDGE UNIVERSALIZATION: THE VALUE OF THE MASS EDUCATION DECREE IN THE ERA OF DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION

Author: Ngo Thi Phuong Anh, Ngo Thi Phuong Thao

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 125-131

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: This research is motivated by the emergency state of deforestation in Indonesia, which reached 433,751 hectares in 2025, with a significant portion of the damage occurring legally within concession areas. This indicates a failure of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA/AMDAL) instruments and the ineffectiveness of administrative blacklist sanctions in curbing corporate aggressiveness in the forestry sector. This article aims to analyze the effectiveness of blacklist sanctions against companies violating EIA regulations and their impact on ecological justice for rural communities. Using a normative legal research method with statutory, conceptual, case, and comparative approaches, this study finds that current blacklist sanctions remain a paper tiger. The primary weakness lies in the lack of inter-agency database integration and the emergence of corporate zombie reincarnation, where environmental offenders easily establish new legal entities to evade sanctions. Furthermore, the shift to a risk-based licensing paradigm following the Job Creation Law tends to degrade environmental oversight. This study proposes policy reconstruction through the implementation of a Dual Track System that integrates absolute administrative blacklist sanctions with firm criminal penalties. Progressive law enforcement must be capable of applying the doctrine of piercing the corporate veil to prosecute the intellectual actors behind corporate structures and mandate physical environmental restoration. Integrating these sanctions is crucial to breaking the chain of impunity and ensuring sovereignty over natural resources for the justice of local communities.

Keywords: Deforestation, EIA (AMDAL), Blacklist, Corporate Reincarnation, Dual Track System.

Title: The Effectiveness of Legal and Administrative Blacklist Sanctions Against Companies Violating AMDAL (A Study of Forestry Natural Resources Conservation Policy in Indonesia)

Author: Udin, Martalib, Sri Susi Rahayu, Aman Nurkholis, Totok Handono, Muhammad Basir, Mustofa Kamil

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 117-124

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 06-May-2026

Abstract: The Nairobi County healthcare sector in Kenya, has encountered substantial interruptions owing to recurrent industrial movements and healthcare professionals going for strikes. These disruptions have led to substantial losses due to increased employee absenteeism, low productivity, decreased employee morale, and decreased level of work commitment, leading to increased turnover in Mbagathi Hospital in the City of Nairobi. These factors have contributed to inconsistent performance in Mbagathi Hospital. Therefore, this study sought to investigate the influence of job promotion on employee turnover at Mbagathi hospital in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research used descriptive research, with Mbagathi Hospital as the unit of investigation. The research target population consisted of 837 personnel from the hospital departments, with a sample size of 271 sampled using the Yamane (1967) rule. Data collection process utilized Structured questionnaires to collect data. The research relied on primary data to aid in obtaining information. Inferential and descriptive statistics methods were utilized in analysis data. The research also incorporated the use of descriptive statistics like percentages, standard deviations, mean, and frequency counts. inferential statistics like Pearson correlation and multiple regression analysis, was also used. The study concluded that coefficient of job promotion was positive (β=0.295) and substantial statistically (0.000 < 0.05). Hence, a unit enhancement in the job promotion results in 0.295 units vital improvement in the employee turnover. Hence, job promotion determines significantly employee turnover in Mbagathi Hospital, Nairobi. The study concluded that job promotions arise as a key hitherto under managed strategy for stopping turnover since of matters like unpredictable policies, stress and inadequate career improvement chances. The study recommends that the hospital ought to initiate a well-designed job promotion method. Transparency, merits grounded on promotion schemes, founded on in clear principles like performance considerations and contract, can rise retention and accomplishment by stimulating a feeling of career advancement.

Keywords: Reward Management Practice, Job Promotion, Employee Turnover.

Title: INFLUENCE OF JOB PROMOTION ON EMPLOYEE TURNOVER AT MBAGATHI HOSPITAL IN NAIROBI CITY COUNTY, KENYA

Author: Monica Mbeke Kivaya, Dr. Hilda Felistus Makhamara

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 109-116

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 05-May-2026

Abstract: Religion is a set of beliefs and practices through which individual worship the Supreme Being (GOD). Politics is a path to democratic governance, the system allows, accept, and embrace individuals who are charismatic in controlling and managing both man and the natural endowments for the sustainability and the preservation of the environment for human existence. Differing faiths and ethnic affiliations make politics a fierce contest. Man has agreed that conflict is part of his existence. But he has not understood how to deal with it for peaceful interactions. This study adopted qualitative method to explore religion, politics and reconciliation challenges in Nigeria’s political system. Three research questions were raised: Has religion pose a threat to the reconciliation of political gladiators in Nigeria? Do the personal ambitions of political gladiators hinder political reconciliation in Nigeria? Does the Nigerian government or the ruling political party pose a threat to the reconciliation of political actors in Nigeria? The data collection involved both primary and secondary sources such as political actors’ statements, documents, religious text, media reports and other relevant sources. The findings revealed that religions pose no threat to the reconciliation of political gladiators in Nigeria. The results show that personal ambitions of political gladiators hindered political reconciliation in Nigeria. The study concluded by recommended that the politician must move from personal, regional, and identity driven politics to ideological, policy driven agendas that addresses the needs of the Nigerian citizenry irrespective of belief system, class and status.

Keywords: Development, peaceful-coexistence, politics, reconciliation, religion.

Title: Religion, Politics, and Reconciliation Challenges in Nigeria’s Political System

Author: Tajudeen Odebode ISHOLA

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 99-108

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Academic libraries in Nigerian federal universities face persistent challenges in providing students with effective access to electronic information resources (EIRs) for research purposes. This study examined the availability, accessibility, and utilization of EIRs by students in Federal University Gashua, Yobe State. A descriptive survey research design was adopted, with a structured questionnaire administered to a sample of 150 students selected through simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, specifically frequencies, percentages, mean scores, and standard deviation. Findings revealed that e-journals (mean = 3.62), e-books (mean = 3.45), and online databases (mean = 3.40) were the most available and accessible EIRs, while physical digital media recorded very low availability scores. Poor internet connectivity (mean = 3.72) and power outages (mean = 3.65) constituted the most severe barriers to EIR access and utilization. The study concludes that structural infrastructure deficits significantly constrain student utilization of available EIRs. University management must allocate dedicated funding for internet bandwidth, power backup systems, and structured information literacy programs.

Keywords: Electronic information resources, availability, accessibility, utilization, academic library.

Title: Accessibility and Utilization of Electronic Information Resources in Library by students of Universities in Yobe State

Author: Yohanna Yudaunda Waba, Kassim Hassan, Umar Bulama Bizi

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 90-98

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Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Climate change continues to affect food quality and increase food insecurity across Africa. This study examined the influence of climate change adaptation strategies on household food security among farm households in Nyabihu District, Rwanda. The study was guided by four objectives: identifying adaptation strategies used by farm households, determining food security outcomes following their adoption, analyzing the causal relationship between adaptation strategies and food security, and assessing socio-economic factors moderating this relationship. A total of 409 respondents participated in the study, including 397 household heads selected randomly and 12 sector authorities selected purposively through a multistage sampling technique. Secondary data were obtained from the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda and the Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Resources. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS version 22. The findings revealed that crop diversity (92.7%) and improved crop varieties (92.7%) were the most widely adopted adaptation strategies, with over 90% of respondents supporting them. Traditional practices such as crop rotation and mixed farming were also endorsed by more than 90% of respondents. While over 85% favored modern approaches such as short-season crops and agricultural technologies, their adoption showed variability due to unequal access. Adoption of these strategies significantly improved food security dimensions: 82.8% reported improved access, 78.5% improved utilization, 82.1% improved stability, and 80.5% increased food availability. Correlation analysis indicated strong positive relationships between adaptation strategies and food security outcomes, with coefficients for agricultural technology ranging from r = 0.76 to 0.80. Multivariate regression results confirmed that all strategies had significant effects (p < 0.05) and explained 69% to 78% of the variation (R² = 0.69–0.78), with agricultural technology showing the strongest influence (β = 0.39–0.45). Despite these positive outcomes, challenges such as limited resources, inadequate training, and financial constraints hinder full implementation, especially in rural areas. The study concludes that integrating both traditional and modern adaptation strategies is essential for enhancing food security and climate resilience. It recommends strengthening extension services, improving access to affordable inputs, investing in climate-resilient infrastructure, and promoting farmer cooperation.

Keywords: Farm Household, Climate Change, Food Security, Nyabihu District, Rwanda.

Title: Influence of Farm Household Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Food Security in Nyabihu District, Rwanda

Author: Mr. Bahufite Uwitonze Emmanuel, Dr. Eugenia Nkechi Irechukwu, Mr. Masaka Eliud

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 81-89

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Published Date: 04-May-2026

Abstract: Since Darjeeling was a colonial product, it formed part of British policy of imperialism, environmentally and physically fit for the European inhabitants. Since early days, colonial authorities recognized Darjeeling as a natural sanatorium where their sick soldiers could regain their health but over time with the growth of population, migration and tea plantations, the town became a centre of diseases where sanitation became a major concern. Therefore, this paper seeks to explore sanitary policy of colonial Darjeeling. It examines colonial sanitation and healthcare policies as social and political process rather than a genuine technical concern. It analyses municipal administrative policies which shaped urban life in Colonial Darjeeling. This research also highlights how the colonial sanitation and healthcare functioned as tool of social hierarchies, leading to class based segregation. Furthermore it explores the impact of these policies on natives, women and especially on tea labourers, revealing everyday inequalities.

Keywords: Darjeeling, sanitation, indigenous, health, racial segregation.

Title: SANITATION, SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND URBAN LIFE IN COLONIAL DARJEELING

Author: Shakher Chettri

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 78-80

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Published Date: 02-May-2026

Abstract: This study examined the relationship between Customer Relationship Management Systems (CRMS) and the performance of insurance companies in Nairobi County, Kenya. Despite rapid growth in CRM adoption globally, many implementations fail due to poor planning, limited technical expertise, and weak system integration. The study focused on the influence of lead management, workflow automation, business reporting, and customer data analytics on performance. It was guided by Customer Relationship Management Theory, Sales Maximization Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model. A descriptive research design was used, with data collected from selected insurance firms in Nairobi County using structured questionnaires. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression. Findings revealed that all CRMS components positively influence performance. Customer data analytics had the strongest effect, followed by business reporting, workflow automation, and lead management. Overall, CRMS adoption significantly enhances efficiency, customer engagement, decision-making, and organizational performance. The study concludes that effective use of CRMS improves insurance firm performance and recommends greater investment in integrated CRM solutions to strengthen operational efficiency and competitiveness.

Keywords: Customer Relationship Management Systems, Insurance Company Performance, Lead Management, Workflow Automation, Customer Data Analytics.

Title: Adoption of Customer Relationship Management System and Performance of Insurance Companies in Nairobi City, Kenya

Author: Martha Nyokabi Machaga, Lydia Gachengo

International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research 

ISSN 2348-3156 (Print), ISSN 2348-3164 (online)

Vol. 14, Issue 2, April 2026 - June 2026

Page No: 69-77

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 30-April-2026