Vol 13 Issue 2 October 2025-March 2026

Abstract: The iron and steel industry is a cornerstone of economic development; however, iron sheet manufacturing firms in Kenya have faced declining performance due to inefficiencies in supply chain processes. This study investigates the effect of key supply chain management (SCM) processes; procurement, logistics, supplier relationship management, and customer relationship management on the performance of selected iron sheet manufacturing firms in Nairobi City County, Kenya. Adopting a descriptive research design, the study targeted 96 employees across 12 firms using a census sampling approach. Data were collected via structured questionnaires and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including multiple regression analysis. Results revealed that all SCM processes had a positive and statistically significant influence on firm performance, with supplier relationship management showing the strongest effect. The study concludes that enhancing SCM efficiency and integration can significantly improve organizational outcomes. It recommends that firms strengthen supplier partnerships, adopt advanced logistics systems, and implement strategic customer relationship management practices.

Keywords: Supply Chain Management, Procurement, Logistics, Supplier Relationship Management, Customer Relationship Management, Organizational Performance.

Title: Supply Chain Management Processes and Firm Performance: Evidence from Iron Sheet Companies in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Author: Erick Muthomi Gitonga, Perris Chege

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 908-914

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 31-March-2026

Abstract: This study examined the effect of e-procurement practices on procurement performance in the County Government of Wajir, Kenya. Specifically, it assessed the influence of supplier relationship practices, negotiation practices, and contract management practices. The study was guided by the Kraljic Portfolio Model and the Dynamic Supply Chain Capabilities Theory, and adopted an explanatory research design to establish causal relationships. A census of 77 procurement and chief officers was conducted. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, tested for validity and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.7), and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis, alongside thematic analysis for qualitative data. The findings indicate that supplier relationship practices have a positive but relatively low effect on procurement performance (p = 0.038), suggesting that while collaboration exists, supplier development remains limited. Negotiation practices showed a strong and significant influence (p = 0.000), enhancing cost efficiency, delivery reliability, and contract outcomes, although inconsistencies in delivery and payment communication persist. Contract management practices emerged as the strongest predictor (p = 0.000), underscoring the importance of contract clarity, monitoring, and compliance. The study concludes that despite the presence of procurement structures, performance is constrained by operational inefficiencies and lack of standardization. It recommends institutionalizing supplier development programs, strengthening negotiation capacity through training and data-driven tools, and adopting standardized, digital contract management systems.

Keywords: Electronic Procurement, supplier relationship, negotiation practices, contract management.

Title: E-Procurement Practices and Procurement Performance of the County Government of Wajir, Kenya

Author: Osman Ali Saman, Perris Chege

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 900-907

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 30-March-2026

Abstract: Legal bill review is a cornerstone of cost-containment in insurance defense, with property and casualty carriers spending approximately $40 billion annually on outside counsel. While justified by fiduciary duties, this paper argues that exhaustive, line-item auditing is misaligned with actual value creation. By applying the five core principles of Lean management, this analysis reframes current billing oversight as a source of systemic waste and identifies the insured—not the carrier—as the true customer. Three alternatives are proposed: statistical sampling, collaborative feedback loops, and outcome-focused metrics. This framework offers claims executives a method to reduce administrative waste while strengthening partner relationships.

Keywords: Lean management, legal bill review, insurance defense, litigation management, claims operations.

Title: A Lean Lens on Legal Bill Review: Rethinking Value in Insurance Defense

Author: Francis Melaragni

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 898-899

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 27-March-2026

Abstract: This study investigates the impact of retail visual apparel techniques on the purchase decisions of women apparel shopTpers in Thiruvananthapuram district. The research examines the various visual merchandising strategies used by apparel retailers, including window displays, in-store displays, mannequin displays, and lighting, and their influence on women's buying behavior. A survey of 200 women apparel shoppers in Thiruvananthapuram district reveals that visual appeal, product display, and store ambiance significantly influence their purchase decisions. The findings suggest that retailers can enhance customer engagement and drive sales by adopting effective visual merchandising strategies. This research provides valuable insights for apparel retailers and marketers seeking to understand the preferences and behavior of women shoppers in Thiruvananthapuram district.The contribution that other research studies provide to the creation of tactical visual merchandising components that can be incorporated into the retail strategies of clothing merchants is what gives them worth. By using visual merchandising features, designers and planners may increase their visual merchandising expertise and, as a result, have a bigger influence on the layout and design of existing stores as well as when creating new ones (Cant, M. C., & Wiid, J. A., 2020). Visual merchandising was introduced in the clothing retailing industry, and persistent alterations are what characterise fashion. The small-scale garment industry has seen tremendous advancements throughout the years. Instead of being profit-centred, it has changed to be consumer-centred. The majority of retailing sectors use visual merchandising tactics to draw in customers

Keywords: Visual Merchandising; Customer behaviour; Women Apparels, Apparel Techniques.

Title: EFFECT OF RETAIL VISUAL APPAREL TECHNIQUES ON PURCHASE DECISIONS OF WOMEN APPAREL SHOPPERS IN THIRUVANANTHAURAM DISTRICT

Author: Mrs. A. SHYMA BEEVI, Dr. S. NAZEER KHAN

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 889-897

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 26-March-2026

Abstract: In this era of fast moving lifestyle, customers are busier than what they were few years back. It is precisely for this reason customers are also purchasing their products and services through online shopping. It is this sense that e-entrepreneurs have successfully targeted upon through ‘deal sites’ like Amazon, snapdeal, flipkart, shopclues, etc.  On-line shopping will become the future of shopping world. There are so many companies who are doing online business of different product & services. It gives the better option to online customers to easily identify the products and their prices on the website in the global market. Both primary and secondary has been used for the study. The primary data were collected from 150 respondents in sivagangai district by using simple random sampling method. The tools used for the analysis such as Factor analysis, Friedman test and Anova. The results shows that middle age group people were using more online shopping and most of the customers have highly aware about amazon websites.

Keywords: fast moving lifestyle, online shopping, online customers Amazon, snapdeal, flipkart, shopclues.

Title: Consumer Awareness Towards Online Shopping with Special Reference to Sivagangai District

Author: Mr. J. Kathirvel, Dr. R. Vijayalakshmi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 879-888

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 25-March-2026

Abstract: The present article is examines the extent of the impact of AI on the fishing industry. Specifically, this paper is undertaken in the Rameswaram fisheries region. Rameswaram territory surrounded by the sea on all the four sides. In early 20th century times, people carried out fishing activities using catamarans. But now in modern world they have adopt technology in their business. The development of science and technology through experience they have incorporated modern advancement in to their industry and progressed. Significantly. Most of the fishing community fisher folk are uneducated, they have lack of technology awareness and learning but the now learned to use technology through experiences. They use this technology to locate the area where the most high level fish are found, transmitter and mobile app use to identified the signals during the fishing trip period, they used technology to connected the signaling they able to communicate with others during critical situation and they use high- power engines and modern technology for fishing and for exporting their product etc. However they don’t have a complete technological knowledge, and therefore they sometimes face a problems while using these technology. The government and NGO’s should organize awareness program and arrange the technology handling training class to improve their technology skill and help them handle these technology effectively.

Keywords: GPS, Android, Wacky Tacky, Radio Transmitter and Micro phone.

Title: IMPACT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCES (AI) IN FISHERIES

Author: Mrs.V.Maria Subaitha, Dr. R. Vijayalakshmi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 873-878

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 23-March-2026

Abstract: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an increasingly critical role in economic development, nation-building, and promoting democratic progress. However, many NGO projects face challenges related to financial sustainability, particularly because they rely heavily on donor funding. When donor support is withdrawn, projects that fail to generate sufficient internal revenue often collapse, as operational costs exceed available resources. This underscores the need for effective cost management strategies to ensure that donor-funded projects remain viable beyond external funding. This study examined the effects of budgetary control, income diversification, cost estimation, and expense reduction on the financial sustainability of NGO projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya. The research was guided by the Theory of Project Management and Transaction Cost Theory, among other relevant theoretical frameworks. A descriptive research design was adopted, targeting 13 completed NGO projects in the city. The unit of analysis comprised 26 senior management officers 13 project directors and 13 project managers. A census of all 13 projects was conducted, and data were collected using structured questionnaires. A pilot study involving three NGOs was conducted to assess the reliability and validity of the research instruments, with reliability coefficients calculated to ensure internal consistency. Data analysis employed both descriptive and inferential statistical methods. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple linear regression analysis were used to evaluate relationships among variables, with significance tested via Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The study found that budgetary control practices (β = 0.578, p = 0.004), income diversification practices (β = 0.714, p = 0.001), cost estimation practices (β = 0.461, p = 0.003), and expense reduction practices (β = 0.339, p = 0.003) each had a significant positive effect on the financial sustainability of NGO projects. The study concludes that effective budgetary control enhances strategic allocation of resources and fosters financial accountability. Diversifying income sources allows NGOs to manage operational risks and maintain project continuity, while accurate cost estimation improves resource allocation and facilitates access to funding. Expense reduction practices streamline operations and strengthen organizational focus on core activities. The study recommends that NGOs invest in staff training on budgeting and financial management, adopt advanced technologies to improve financial processes, enhance partnerships with local businesses and community stakeholders, and prioritize transparency and accountability in all financial dealings. The findings provide valuable insights for NGO management, donor communities, and academics interested in promoting accountability and sustainable financing in the nonprofit sector.

Keywords:  Financial Sustainability, Cost Management Strategies, Budgetary Control, Income Diversification, Cost Estimation.

Title: Linking Cost Management Strategies to Financial Sustainability: A Study of NGO Projects in Nairobi City County, Kenya

Author: Robert Kirimi Samana, Morrisson Mutuku

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 863-872

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 20-March-2026

Abstract: Bank merger plays a vital role for the bank expansion, global participation, technological development, increased capital base, economies of scale, improved services, etc. Financial aspects of the banks are considering most valuable for the merger benefits. Many articles have analysed the finance point of you. Customer satisfaction is also one of the major aspects in the merger. It is more sensitive in nature. This article has analysed the customers perception related to bank merger and customers satisfaction in the post-merger. A well-structured questionnaire has been prepared and circulated as google forms and collected the data. For analysing data simple percentage has been calculated and the results have been presented in the form of graph. To find out significance chi-square method has been used. It has resulted that customers are fully satisfied in terms of interest and lending rates, service charges, improved Technology, increased employees and employees’ attitude, Customer relations policy and Faster Customer redressals. Further it concludes that there is no significant relationship between the gender and the satisfaction level. Merger of Banks is the successful phenomenon not only in the point of Finance but in the customer satisfaction also.

Keywords: Customer perception, customer satisfaction, Bank merger, Lending and Interest Rate.

Title: A Study on Customer satisfaction with respect to Merger of Banks in India

Author: Priya K, Gurupandi M

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 854-862

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 16-March-2026

Abstract: The sustainability of development projects is critical for delivering long-term social, economic, and environmental benefits to communities. However, many initiatives fail to achieve this due to inadequate stakeholder participation, leading to delays, conflicts, and cost overruns. This study investigates the role of stakeholder engagement in enhancing the sustainability of wind power projects in Kajiado County, Kenya, focusing on the Kipeto and Ngong Hills wind energy projects. Drawing on Stakeholder Theory and Resource-Based Value Theory, the research examines how the involvement of diverse actors across project phases—identification, planning, implementation, and monitoring—affects long-term project outcomes. Data were collected from 135 stakeholders, with a stratified random sample of 100 respondents, using structured questionnaires. Descriptive and inferential analyses, including Pearson correlation and multiple regression using SPSS 27, assessed the relationship between stakeholder participation and project sustainability. Findings demonstrate that continuous and structured stakeholder engagement significantly enhances project viability, highlighting the need for project managers and policymakers to integrate participatory strategies in renewable energy initiatives to ensure sustainable outcomes.

Keywords: Wind energy projects, Stakeholder participation, Project sustainability, Renewable energy development.

Title: Stakeholder Participation and Sustainability of Wind Power Projects in Kajiado County, Kenya

Author: Charles Maina Gachira, Josphat Kyalo

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 844-853

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: This paper critically evaluates the blending of heritage entrepreneurship, innovation, and economic empowerment into urban development. It elaborates upon the ways cities may use their cultural heritage to stimulate economic activities, generate new employment opportunities, and redevelop urban settings in innovative ways. Heritage entrepreneurship is simply when someone starts a business using cultural heritage resources like old buildings, traditional crafts, and festivals. By injecting innovation, whether it be through digital platforms, new business models, or even green innovation, heritage-based businesses may modernize, enhance their interactions with visitors, and stimulate a local economy. The article intends to illustrate how this union of heritage and innovation creates economic empowerment for marginalized communities through job creation, social inclusion, and provision for basic skills. Case studies around the three cities of Bilbao, Medellin, and Reykjavik exemplify a synergy between culture preservation and innovation toward sustainable urban development. The other benefits of such initiatives are economic diversification, cultural tourism, and support of local entrepreneurs that builds pride and ownership among the residents to actively preserve their cultural identities. Primarily, the paper defines the role of heritage entrepreneurship in realizing a more pronouncing structure.

Keywords: Heritage product, Entrepreneurship, Innovation, Economic Empowerment, Cultural Heritage.

Title: Building the Future with the Past: How Innovation in Heritage Entrepreneurship Fuels Economic Empowerment through Urban development

Author: Solaipriya.S, Dr.M.Gurupandi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 835-843

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: Food truck businesses are expanding quickly in urban areas across the globe as a result of changing consumer lifestyles and an increase in demand for quick and inexpensive food options. This research explores the opportunities and challenges for food truck entrepreneurs and the factors that affect their success in today’s environment. The methodology used in this study included both descriptive and quantitative methods and consisted of primary data collected through a structured survey given to food truck entrepreneurs and secondary data evaluated from relevant academic literature, government reports, and websites. The results of the analysis indicate that food truck businesses provide many opportunities (e.g., lower investment cost per unit, flexibility in operation, and access to various customer segments). However, entrepreneurs operating food trucks experience many challenges (e.g., regulations imposed on food trucks, competition, and lack of infrastructure). Lastly, product quality, location of business, satisfaction of customers, and marketing techniques used play important roles in determining the success of food trucks. This study helps to understand how modern entrepreneurship continues to change and provides ideas to assist entrepreneurs and policymakers interested in developing this aspect of food service.

Keywords: Food Truck Business Ownership; Mobile Food Industry Development; Current Business Ownership; Street Vendor Industry; Small Business Growth.

Title: The Road to Modern Entrepreneurship: A sectoral Study of Food Truck Business in the New age

Author: Ms.V.Aishwarya, Dr.M.Gurupandi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 828-834

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: The objective of the study was to analyze the effect of mortgage financing on the development of residential housing in Tanzania. The study employed different estimation techniques in analyzing the empirical relationship between housing financing and development of residential souses in Tanzania. Data was analyzed using the unit root test, descriptive statistics and Ordinary Least Square (OLS) for estimating the variables while the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test was used to ascertain stationarity of the variables.  

The findings show that there is a strong relationship between mortgage financing and development of residential houses in Tanzania and that the development of affordable housing stock in Tanzania is highly influenced by mortgage loans offered and interest rates charged over the loans. It was also found that Tanzania still suffers from a shortage of good quality and affordable housing. The current housing deficit is estimated at three million housing units valued at US$180 billion coupled with a 200,000 units annual demand with a projected combined cost of US$12 billion although the number of housing stock have been increasing over the years. It is recommended that in order to increase residential housing in Tanzania there should be an increase in the amount of funds allocated to finance residential housing developments with low borrowing interest rates. The higher the costs the lower the demand for mortgage finances by the community hence poor residential housing.

Keywords: mortgage finance, housing, interest rate, commercial banks.

Title: The Impact of Mortgage Financing on the Growth of the Residential Housing Market in Tanzania

Author: Mutahyoba D. Baisi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 815-827

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: The digital revolution in India has significantly transformed the financial landscape, with the Unified Payment Interface (UPI) emerging as a revolutionary tool for seamless and instant transactions. This study examines the customer attitude toward UPI in the Haveri City of Karnataka. It explores awareness, usage patterns, benefits, challenges, and overall satisfaction. The findings provide insights into the behavioral trends of UPI users in a semi-urban district, contributing to the broader understanding of digital financial adoption in regional areas.

Keywords: UPI, Digital Payments, Customer Attitude, Haveri, Fintech, Cashless Economy.

Title: A Study on Customer Attitude towards Unified Payment Interface (UPI): With Special Reference to Haveri City, Karnataka State

Author: Mr. Sandeep S. Kulkarni, Dr. R. Kalidoss

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 801-814

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: The study aims to examine the factors that influence women's empowerment in floriculture growing in the Madurai region. Floriculture growing is an important aspect of agriculture that provides employment and contributes to the socio-economic development of women in the region. The objectives of this study are to examine the socioeconomic characteristics of female floriculture farmers, assess the economic empowerment of women through floriculture farming, and outline the managerial and legislative measures to support women's empowerment in floriculture businesses. A systematic approach was used to collect primary data through a questionnaire among 230 female respondents in the floriculture industry. Percentage analysis was used to outline the socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents. The empowerment outcomes, financial independence, participation in decision-making, and social recognition were analysed using mean and standard deviation. The Garrett ranking approach was employed for finding out the major obstacles faced by female farmers. The findings of the study revealed that floriculture cultivation is having a good impact on women empowerment, even though climate conditions, price volatility, and financial limitations are major obstacles.

Keywords: women empowerment, floriculture farming, Rural women entrepreneurship, economic empowerment.

Title: The Factors Affecting Women's Empowerment and Participation in Floriculture Farming in Madurai District

Author: T.Gokila devi, Dr.G.Vinayagamoorthi

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 792-800

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 12-March-2026

Abstract: Financial performance analysis plays a crucial role in understanding the operational efficiency and profitability of an organization. This study focuses on the financial performance of The Coonoor Tea Estates Company Private Limited, a tea plantation company located in Coonoor, Tamil Nadu. The objective of this research is to evaluate the financial strength, profitability, and growth of the company through financial statement analysis and ratio analysis. The study uses secondary data collected from company reports, financial records, and related sources. The findings reveal trends in revenue, profit, and asset utilization, and provide suggestions to improve financial performance. This study helps understand the financial stability and sustainability of tea estate companies operating in the plantation sector.

Keywords: Financial performance, Tea industry, Profitability, Ratio analysis, Plantation sector.

Title: A STUDY ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF THE COONOOR TEA ESTATES COMPANY PRIVATE LIMITED

Author: Mr. R.Narendhiran, Mr. S. Sambathkumar

International Journal of Management and Commerce Innovations 

ISSN 2348-7585 (Online)

Vol. 13, Issue 2, October 2025 - March 2026

Page No: 788-791

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Website: www.researchpublish.com

Published Date: 11-March-2026